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Glyphosate-Endocrine Disrupting

Stick out your tongue- Tongue appearance and illness

Antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptotic by ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga rhizhome in human breast carcinoma cell line

A high whey protein–, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement preserves muscle mass during intentional weight loss

Cottage Cheese Making

 Doubling saturated fat in diet does not increase saturated fat in blood

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 Glyphosate-Endocrine Disrupting

"First of all, we need to understand what we mean by the word safe. Actually, in terms of the academic literature, "safe" refers to "an acceptable level of risk." It doesn't refer to situations where there is no risk. Most of us drive in cars all the time and consider it to be safe even though we know that people are killed and injured in automobiles frequently. We have to understand that safe equals acceptable risk.

Glyphosate Poses Risk to Female Reproductive Health

Although there are only a handful of studies on the safety of GE soybeans, there is considerable evidence that glyphosate? especially in conjunction with the other ingredients in Roundup? wreaks havoc with the endocrine and reproductive systems.

Glyphosate throws off the delicate hormonal balance that governs the whole reproductive cycle. It interferes with aromatase, which produces estrogen, and it's also highly toxic to the placenta in pregnant women. In a 2009 French study, scientists discovered that glyphosate can kill the cells in the outer layer of the human placenta (the trophoblast membrane), which in turn can kill the placenta. A mere 1/500th the amount needed to kill weeds was able to kill these cells! The amount is so small, according to the study's authors, that the "residual levels to be expected, especially in food and feed derived from Roundup formulation-treated crops" could be enough to "cause cell damage and even [cell] death." If the endocrine function of the placenta is destroyed, then ovarian and endometrial function may also suffer, and the end result could be a miscarriage.  It's important to remember that glyphosate can accumulate in your body, allowing its toxic effects to grow worse with repeated consumption of foods containing these Roundup Ready crops. Clearly, this may become a serious concern for the next generation, as most young children girls and boys alike growing up today are fed processed foods containing GE ingredients on a daily basis, year after year...—

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Monsanto Roundup: The Impacts of Glyphosate Herbicide on Human Health. Pathways to Modern Diseases

Glyphosate’s Suppression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Amino Acid Biosynthesis by the Gut Microbiome: Pathways to Modern Diseases

By Global Research News

Global Research, January 02, 2014

Entropy and Global Research 12 July 2013

Theme: Biotechnology and GMO, Science and Medicine

 

by Anthony Samsel and Stephanie Seneff 

Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup®, is the most popular herbicide used worldwide[F1] . The industry asserts it is minimally toxic to humans, but here we argue otherwise. Residues are found in the main foods of the Western diet, comprised primarily of sugar, corn, soy and wheat. Glyphosate’s inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is an overlooked component of its toxicity to mammals. CYP enzymes play crucial roles in biology, one of which is to detoxify xenobiotics. Thus, glyphosate enhances the damaging effects of other food borne chemical residues and environmental toxins. Negative impact on the body is insidious and manifests slowly over time as inflammation damages cellular systems throughout the body. Here, we show how interference with CYP enzymes acts synergistically with disruption of the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids by gut bacteria, as well as impairment in serum sulfate transport. Consequences are most of the diseases and conditions associated with a Western diet, which include gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, depression, autism, infertility, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. We explain the documented effects of glyphosate and its ability to induce disease, and we show that glyphosate is the “textbook example” of exogenous semiotic entropy[F2] : the disruption of homeostasis by environmental toxins.

Introduction

The foodstuffs of the Western diet, primarily grown by industrial agriculture, are increasingly being produced using a two-part system of engineered plant seeds and toxic chemical application.[F3] --Novel bacterial genes are incorporated through genetic engineering, and toxic chemical residues are readily taken up by the engineered plants[F4] . Research indicates that the new bacterial RNA and DNA present in genetically engineered plants, providing chemical herbicide resistance and other traits, have not yet fully understood biological effects. This paper however, will only examine the effects of the chemical glyphosate, the most dangerous Bio Agent on the planet.--------Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine), the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup®, is the main herbicide in use today in the United States, and increasingly throughout the World, in agriculture and in lawn maintenance, especially now that the patent has expired. 80% of genetically modified crops, particularly corn, soy, canola, cotton, sugar beets and most recently alfalfa, are specifically targeted towards the introduction of genes resistant to glyphosate, the so-called “Roundup Ready®  feature” In humans, only small amounts (~2%) of ingested glyphosate are metabolized to aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the rest enters the blood stream and is eventually eliminated through the urine [1].

Studies have shown sharp increases in glyphosate contamination in streams in the Midwestern United States following the mid 1990s, pointing to its increasing role as the herbicide of choice in agriculture [2]. A now common practice of crop desiccation through herbicide administration shortly before the harvest assures an increased glyphosate presence in food sources as well [3–5]. The industry asserts that glyphosate is nearly nontoxic to mammals [6,7], and therefore it is not a problem if glyphosate is ingested in food sources. Acutely, it is claimed to be less toxic than aspirin [1,6]. As a consequence, measurement of its presence in food is practically nonexistent. A vocal minority of experts believes that glyphosate may instead be much more toxic than is claimed, although the effects are only apparent after a considerable time lapse.

Thus, while short-term studies in rodents have shown no apparent toxicity [8], studies involving life-long exposure in rodents have demonstrated liver and kidney dysfunction and a greatly increased risk of cancer, with shortened lifespan [9].

Glyphosate’s claimed mechanism of action in plants is the disruption of the shikimate pathway, which is involved with the synthesis of the essential aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan [10].

The currently accepted dogma is that glyphosate is not harmful to humans or to any mammals because the shikimate pathway is absent in all animals. However, this pathway is present in gut bacteria, which play an important and heretofore largely overlooked role in human physiology [11–14] through an integrated biosemiotic relationship with the human host. In addition to aiding digestion, the gut microbiota synthesize vitamins, detoxify xenobiotics, and participitate in immune system  homeostasis and gastrointestinal tract permeability [14]. Furthermore, dietary factors modulate the microbial composition of the gut [15].[F5] ----The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases such as juvenile onset Crohn’s disease has increased substantially in the last decade in Western Europe [16] and the Entropy 2013, 15 1418 United States [17]. It is reasonable to suspect that glyphosate’s impact on gut bacteria may be contributing to these diseases and conditions.----However, the fact that female rats are highly susceptible to mammary tumors following chronic exposure to glyphosate [9] suggests that there may be something else going on. Our systematic search of the literature has led us to the realization that many of the health problems that appear to be associated with a Western diet could be explained by biological disruptions that have already been attributed to glyphosate. These include digestive issues, obesity, autism, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, Parkinson’s disease, liver diseases, and cancer, among others. While many other environmental toxins obviously also contribute to these diseases and conditions, we believe that  glyphosate may be the most significant environmental toxin, mainly because it is pervasive and it is often handled carelessly due to its perceived nontoxicity.

In this paper, we will develop the argument that the recent alarming increase in all of these health issues can be traced back to a combination of gut dysbiosis, impaired sulfate transport, and suppression of the activity of the various members of the  cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes. We have found clear evidence that glyphosate disrupts gut bacteria and suppresses the CYP enzyme class. The connection to sulfate transport is more indirect, but justifiable from basic principles of biophysics.

In the remainder of this paper, we will first provide evidence from the literature that explains some of the ways in which glyphosate adversely affects plants, microbes, amphibians and mammals.

Section 3 will discuss the role that gut dysbiosis, arguably resulting from glyphosate exposure, plays in inflammatory bowel disease and its relationship to autism.

Section 4 argues that the excess synthesis of phenolic compounds associated with glyphosate exposure represents a strategy to compensate for impairments in the transport of free sulfate.

Section 5 will provide evidence that glyphosate inhibits CYP enzymes. Section 6 explains how obesity can arise from depletion of serum tryptophan due to its sequestering by macrophages responding to inflammation. Section 7 shows how extreme tryptophan depletion can lead to impaired nutrient absorption and anorexia nervosa.

Section 8 provides a brief review of all the roles played by CYP enzymes in metabolism. Section 9 discusses a likely consequence to glyphosate’s disruption of the CYP-analog enzyme, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Section 10 shows how glyphosate’s effects could plausibly lead to brain-related disorders such as autism, dementia, depression, and Parkinson’s disease. Section 11 mentions several other health factors that can potentially be linked to glyphosate, including reproductive issues and cancer.

Section 12 discusses the available evidence that glyphosate is contaminating our food supplies, especially in recent years. Following a discussion section, we sum up our findings with a brief

 Numerous laboratory studies have shown that glyphosate and the Roundup formulation can be genotoxic and endocrine disrupting. One study summarises these effects occurring at doses substantially lower than those used in agriculture, or permitted as residues: at 0.5 mg/kg (40 times lower than levels permitted in soybeans in the US) they were anti-androgenic; at 2 mg/kg they were anti-oestrogenic; at 1 mg/kg they disrupted the enzyme aromatase; at 5 mg/kg they damaged DNA, and at 10 mg/kg there were cytotoxic. These effects can result in crucial outcomes for sexual and other cell differentiation, bone metabolism, liver metabolism, reproduction, development and behaviour, and hormone dependent diseases such as breast and prostate cancer (Gasnier et al 2009).

Exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides, even at very low doses may result in reproductive and hormonal problems, miscarriages, low birth weights, birth defects, and various cancers—especially haematological cancers such as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and hormonal cancers such as breast cancer. Several epidemiological studies have linked exposure to glyphosate with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia, multiple myeloma, DNA damage; and one study with spontaneous abortions and pre-term deliveries

 

GM pea protein caused lung damage in mice

Offspring of rats fed GM soy showed a five-fold increase in mortality, lower birth weights, and the inability to reproduce

GM potatoes may cause cancer in rats

Male mice fed GM soy had damaged young sperm cells

Bacteria in your gut can take up DNA from GM food

The embryo offspring of GM soy-fed mice had altered DNA functioning

GM foods lead to significant organ disruptions in rats and mice, specifically the kidney, liver, heart and spleen

Several US farmers reported sterility or fertility problems among pigs and cows fed on GM corn varieties

Bt corn caused a wide variety of immune responses in mice, commonly associated with diseases such as arthritis, Lou Gehrig's disease, osteoporosis, and inflammatory bowel disease

Investigators in India have documented fertility problems, abortions, premature births, and other serious health issues, including deaths, among buffaloes fed GM cottonseed products

 

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Stick out your tongue- Tongue appearance and illness

Date-December 5, 2014

Source-Inderscience Publishers

Physicians often ask their patients to "Please stick out your tongue." The tongue can betray signs of illness, which combined with other symptoms such as a cough, fever, presence of jaundice, headache or bowel habits, can help the physician offer a diagnosis. For people in remote areas who do not have ready access to a physician, a new diagnostic system is reported in the International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology that works to combine the soft inputs of described symptoms with a digital analysis of an image of the patient's tongue.--Karthik Ramamurthy of the Department of Information Technology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, in Chennai, India, and colleagues, have trained a neural network that can take soft inputs such as standard questions about symptoms and a digitized image of the patient's tongue and offer a likely diagnosis so that professional healthcare might then be sought if needed. The digitized images of the patient's tongue reveal discoloration, engorgement, texture and other factors that might be linked to illness.--Smoothness and "beefiness" might reveal vitamin B12, iron, or folate deficiency, and anemia. Black discoloration could be indicative of fungal overgrowth in HIV patients or prolonged antibiotic use. Longitudinal furrows on the tongue are associated with syphilis. Ulcers may indicate the presence of Crohn's disease or colitis and various other conditions. The team's automated diagnostic, however, utilizes the condition of the tongue in combination with other symptoms to identify whether a patient has any of various illnesses: common cold, flu, bronchitis, streptococcal throat infection, sinusitis, allergies, asthma, pulmonary edema, food poisoning and diverticulitis.--The current system allows diagnosis of fourteen distinct conditions but the team adds that they will be able to add eye images and use those as an additional hard input for their neural network and so extend its repertoire significantly.--Story Source-The above story is based on materials provided by Inderscience Publishers. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.--Journal Reference-Karthik, R., Menaka, R., Kulkarni, S. and Deshpande, R. Virtual doctor: an artificial medical diagnostic system based on hard and soft inputs. Int. J. Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp.329-342

The two main characteristics of the tongue in TCM ZHENG diagnosis are the color and the coating. The color of the patient's tongue color provides information about his/her health status. For example [13], dark red color can indicate inflammation or ulceration, while a white tongue indicates cold attack, mucus deposits, or a weakness in the blood leading to such conditions as anemia [12]. Moreover, a yellow tongue points out a disorder of the liver and gallbladder, and blue or purple implies stagnation of blood circulation and a serious weakening of the part of the digestive system that corresponds to the area of the tongue where the color appears.

 

Tongue Diagnosis: Color of the Tongue:

  • Progression of Color: When a body shows dis-ease the tongue color (underneath the coating) turns from pink to pale, to red and then to purple.
  • Purple tongues mean blood stasis.
  • Red dots on the tongue are called points and they have a meaning wherever they are. In Asian and African people these red dots can look brown.

Tongue Diagnosis: Coating of the Tongue: (Coating is related to Stomach function.)

  • A white coat corresponds to cold in the area of the body correlating to the tongue.
  • A yellow coat is related to heat.
  • A coating can be with “root” which means the coating cannot be scraped off and it looks like grass growing from the soil.
  • A coating without root looks like it has been sprinkled on and can be scraped off.
  • The thicker the coat, the more progressed the disease.
  • Lack of a coat means that the digestion is not working correctly.
  • The coating is slightly thicker on the back of the tongue.

 

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Antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptotic by ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga rhizhome in human breast carcinoma cell line.

BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:192

Authors: Samarghandian S, Hadjzadeh MA, Afshari JT, Hosseini M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: We investigated the potential of galangal rhizomes to induce cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in the cultured human breast carcinoma cell line, (MCF-7) in compare with the non-malignant (MRC-5) cells.-METHODS: Both cells were cultured in DMEM medium and treated with galangal rhizomes for three consecutive days. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate.
RESULTS: The results showed that the ethanolic extract of galangal rhizomes decreased cell viability in the malignant cells as a concentration- and time- dependent manner. The IC50 values against MCF-7 were determined at 400.0 ± 11.7 and 170.0 ± 5.9 μg/ml after 48 and 72 h respectively. The morphology of MCF-7 cells treated with the ethanolic extract confirmed the cell proliferation assay results. Alpinia galanga induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, as determined by flow cytometry.--CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the extract of Alpinia galanga exerts pro-apoptotic effects in a breast cancer-derived cell line and could be considered as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in breast cancer.--PMID: 24935101 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Recipe---Make a tea out of this or even percolate this in a coffee percolator---this will also strengthen the heart and intestines

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A high whey protein–, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement preserves muscle mass during intentional weight loss in obese older adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial1,2,3

  1. Amely M Verreijen,
  2. Sjors Verlaan,
  3. Mariëlle F Engberink,
  4. Sophie Swinkels,
  5. Johan de Vogel-van den Bosch, and
  6. Peter JM Weijs

+ Author Affiliations

1.      1From the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (AMV, MFE, and PJMW), and Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands (SV, SS, and JdV-vdB).

+ Author Notes

·         2 Supported by Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition.

·         3 Address correspondence to AM Verreijen, School of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerlaan 8, 1067 AM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: a.verreijen@hva.nl.

Abstract

Background: Intentional weight loss in obese older adults is a risk factor for muscle loss and sarcopenia.

Objective: The objective was to examine the effect of a high whey protein–, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement on muscle mass preservation during intentional weight loss in obese older adults.

Design: We included 80 obese older adults in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. During a 13-wk weight loss program, all subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (−600 kcal/d) and performed resistance training 3×/wk. Subjects were randomly allocated to a high whey protein–, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement including a mix of other macro- and micronutrients (150 kcal, 21 g protein; 10×/wk, intervention group) or an isocaloric control. Primary outcome was change in appendicular muscle mass. Secondary outcomes were body composition, handgrip strength, and physical performance. Data were analyzed by using ANCOVA and mixed linear models with sex and baseline value as covariates.

Results: At baseline, mean ± SD age was 63 ± 5.6 y, and body mass index (in kg/m2) was 33 ± 4.4. During the trial, protein intake was 1.11 ± 0.28 g [F6] · kg body weight–1 · d–1 in the intervention group compared with 0.85 ± 0.24 in the control group (P < 0.001). Both intervention and control groups decreased in body weight (−3.4 ± 3.6 kg and −2.8 ± 2.8 kg; both P < 0.001) and fat mass (−3.2 ± 3.1 kg and −2.5 ± 2.4 kg; both P < 0.001), with no differences between groups. The 13-wk change in appendicular muscle mass, however, was different in the intervention and control groups [+0.4 ± 1.2 kg and −0.5 ± 2.1 kg, respectively; β = 0.95 kg (95% CI: 0.09, 1.81); P = 0.03]. Muscle strength and function improved over time without significant differences between groups.

Conclusion: A high whey protein–, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement compared with isocaloric control preserves appendicular muscle mass in obese older adults during a hypocaloric diet and resistance exercise program and might therefore reduce the risk for sarcopenia. This trial was registered at the Dutch Trial Register (http://www.trialregister.nl) as NTR2751.

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Cottage Cheese Making

Method 1 of 3: Use Rennet

  1. 1

Heat the milk. Pour the milk into a small saucepan and place it over medium heat. Heat the milk slowly, making sure it doesn't boil, until it reaches 85 degrees F. Use a candy thermometer to monitor the temperature. Turn off the heat when the milk is sufficiently warm.

  1. 2

Add the rennet. Place the drops of rennet directly in the milk. Use a spoon to stir the mixture for about 2 minutes.

  1. 3

Let the mixture stand. Cover the saucepan with a clean dish towel and let the rennet and milk sit untouched for about 4 hours. The rennet will start reacting with the milk to turn it into cheese.[1]

  1. 4

Slice the mixture. Remove the dish cloth and use a knife to make slices in the mixture and break up the curds. Slice several times in one direction, then make several slices in the opposite direction.

  1. 5

Cook the mixture. Add the salt to the saucepan. Turn the burner to medium low. Stir the mixture as it heats to help the curds separate from the whey. Stop as soon as the curds have separated and the whey looks slightly yellow. Don't overcook the mixture, or the curds will be hard.

  1. 6

Strain the curds. Place a piece of cheesecloth or a fine-mesh strainer over a bowl Pour the curds and whey into the cheesecloth to strain the curds from the whey. Keeping the curds in the cheesecloth suspended over a bowl, cover the curds loosely with plastic wrap and place all of it in the refrigerator to let the whey continue to drain for a few hours. Stir it every once in awhile to help it along.

  1. 7

Serve the cottage cheese. Place the curds in a clean bowl and add the cream or half and half. Season with more salt to taste.

Method 2 of 3: Use Vinegar

  1. 1

Heat the milk. Place the milk in a saucepan and put it on the stove. Turn the burner to medium and let the milk heat to 120 degrees. Use a candy thermometer to monitor the milk's temperature. Remove it from heat once it is sufficiently warmed.

  1. 2

Add the vinegar. Pour the vinegar into the saucepan and stir the mixture slowly for 2 minutes. Cover the pan with a dish cloth and let the mixture rest for 30 minutes.

  1. 3

Strain the curds from the whey. Pour the mixture into a colander lined with cheesecloth or a thin dish cloth. Let the whey drain for about five minutes.[2]

  1. 4

Rinse the curds. Gather the edges of the cloth and hold the curds under a stream of cold water. Squeeze the curds and move them around until they are all rinsed and cooled.

  1. 5

Finish the cottage cheese. Place the curds in a bowl. Add the salt and the cream or half and half. Store in the refrigerator or serve immediately.

Method 3 of 3: Use Lemon Juice

  1. 1

Heat the milk. Place it in a saucepan and heat it until it begins to steam, but does not come to a boil. Remove the milk from heat.

  1. 2

Add the lemon juice. Pour the lemon juice into the warm milk and stir it slowly for several minutes.

  1. 3

Let the mixture rest. Cover the saucepan with a dish cloth and let the curds separate from the whey for about an hour.

  1. 4

Strain the curds from the whey. Place a piece of cheesecloth over a bowl and pour the curds and whey into the cheesecloth. Let the curds drain for about 5 minutes.

  1. 5

Rinse the curds. Gather the ends of the cheesecloth and hold it under cool water to rinse the curds. Continue until they are completely cooled, then squeeze the cloth to get the curds as dry as possible.

  1. 6

Finish the cottage cheese. Place the curds in a bowl and add the salt and cream or half and half.

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 Doubling saturated fat in diet does not increase saturated fat in blood

Date:

November 21, 2014

Source:

Ohio State University

 

This is a sampling of foods provided to research participants during the three weeks that they were eating a very-low-carb diet. Doubling or even nearly tripling saturated fat in the diet does not drive up total levels of saturated fat in the blood, according to a controlled diet study.--However, increasing levels of carbohydrates in the diet during the study promoted a steady increase in the blood of a fatty acid linked to an elevated risk for diabetes and heart disease. The finding "challenges the conventional wisdom that has demonized saturated fat and extends our knowledge of why dietary saturated fat doesn't correlate with disease," said senior author Jeff Volek, a professor of human sciences at The Ohio State University. In the study, participants were fed six three-week diets that progressively increased carbs while simultaneously reducing total fat and saturated fat, keeping calories and protein the same. The researchers found that total saturated fat in the blood did not increase -- and went down in most people -- despite being increased in the diet when carbs were reduced. Palmitoleic acid, a fatty acid associated with unhealthy metabolism of carbohydrates that can promote disease, went down with low-carb intake and gradually increased as carbs were re-introduced to the study diet. "It's unusual for a marker to track so closely with carbohydrate intake, making this a unique and clinically significant finding. As you increase carbs, this marker predictably goes up," Volek said. When that marker increases, he said, it is a signal that an increasing proportion of carbs are being converted to fat instead of being burned as fuel. Reducing carbs and adding fat to the diet in a well-formulated way, on the other hand, ensures the body will promptly burn the saturated fat as fuel -- so it won't be stored. "When you consume a very low-carb diet your body preferentially burns saturated fat," Volek said. "We had people eat 2 times more saturated fat than they had been eating before entering the study, yet when we measured saturated fat in their blood, it went down in the majority of people. Other traditional risk markers improved, as well." The research is published in the Nov. 21, 2014, issue of the journal PLOS ONE. Volek and colleagues recruited 16 adults for the study, all of whom had metabolic syndrome, defined as the presence of at least three of five factors that increase the risk for heart disease and diabetes (excess belly fat, elevated blood pressure, low "good" cholesterol, insulin resistance or glucose intolerance, and high triglycerides). After getting them to a baseline reduced-carb diet for three weeks, researchers fed the participants the exact same diets, which changed every three weeks, for 18 weeks. The diets started with 47 grams of carbs and 84 grams of saturated fat each day, and ended with 346 carb grams per day and 32 grams daily of saturated fat. Each day's meals added up to 2,500 calories and included about 130 grams of protein. The highest-carb level represented 55 percent of daily calories, which roughly matches the estimated daily percentage of energy provided by carbs in the American diet.

Compared to baseline, there were significant improvements in blood glucose, insulin and blood pressure that were similar across diets. Participants, on average, lost almost 22 pounds by the end of the trial. When looking at palmitoleic acid, however, the scientists found that it consistently decreased on the high-fat/low-carb diet in all participants. The fatty acid then showed a step-wise increase in concentration in the blood as carbs were progressively added to the diet. Elevated levels of palmitoleic acid in the blood have been linked to obesity and higher risk for inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, heart disease and prostate cancer. The study does not address what happens to palmitoleic acid levels when high carbs are combined with a diet high in saturated fat. Instead, Volek hoped to identify the carb-intake point at which participants began to store fat. "That turned out to be highly variable," he said. "Everyone showed increased palmitoleic acid levels as carbs increased, but values varied widely between individuals, especially at the highest carb intake. This is consistent with the idea that people vary widely in their tolerance to carbohydrates." Participants' existing health risks were not a factor in the study because everyone ate the exact same diet for 18 weeks. Their bodies' responses to the food were the focus of the work. "There is widespread misunderstanding about saturated fat. In population studies, there's clearly no association of dietary saturated fat and heart disease, yet dietary guidelines continue to advocate restriction of saturated fat. That's not scientific and not smart," Volek said. "But studies measuring saturated fat in the blood and risk for heart disease show there is an association. Having a lot of saturated fat in your body is not a good thing. The question is, what causes people to store more saturated fat in their blood, or membranes, or tissues? "People believe 'you are what you eat,' but in reality, you are what you save from what you eat," he said. "The point is you don't necessarily save the saturated fat that you eat. And the primary regulator of what you save in terms of fat is the carbohydrate in your diet. Since more than half of Americans show some signs of carb intolerance, it makes more sense to focus on carb restriction than fat restriction.[F7] " Volek sees this palmitoleic acid as a potential biomarker to signal when the body is converting carbs to fat, an early event that contributes to what he calls "metabolic mayhem.""There is no magical carb level, no cookie-cutter approach to diet, that works for everyone," he said. "There's a lot of interest in personalized nutrition, and using a dynamically changing biomarker could provide some index as to how the body is processing carbohydrates."-Story Source-The above story is based on materials provided by Ohio State University. The original article was written by Emily Caldwell. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.-Journal Reference-Brittanie M. Volk, Laura J. Kunces, Daniel J. Freidenreich, Brian R. Kupchak, Catherine Saenz, Juan C. Artistizabal, Maria Luz Fernandez, Richard S. Bruno, Carl M. Maresh, William J. Kraemer, Stephen D. Phinney, Jeff S. Volek. Effects of Step-Wise Increases in Dietary Carbohydrate on Circulating Saturated Fatty Acids and Palmitoleic Acid in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9 (11): e113605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113605

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 [F1]Most powerful Bioagent that is the most destructive mix ever to be released on humanity

 [F2]Signs of death or complete termination or destructive effects

 [F3]Binary Effect---a dual method of attacking the body

 [F4]Delivery method to impact the consumer---entering in a epigenetic venue and then to more readily take up more chemicals

 [F5]With out these key aminos ---everything from serotonin-dopamaine thyroid-hypothalmus-pituatary are completely disabled

 [F6]This would mean taking your body weight divide by 2.2 to get the kilo conversion and then multiply the weight by the amount of protein in milligrams to grams

180 lb person / 2.2- 81 kg then multiply by the amount of protein intake so a 180 lb person taking 1.1 gram per Kg = 90 grams of protein the equivalent of 2 -3 oz pieces of meat or approximately a scoop of 30 gram of protein powder 3 times a day

 [F7]The carbs as well that people would be intolerant to would be the ones that would be genetically engineered—processed or loaded with glyphosates that would have a huge impact on normal bodily functions

 

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Show of the Month  December 2014

Glyphosate-Endocrine Disrupting

Stick out your tongue- Tongue appearance and illness

Antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptotic by ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga rhizhome in human breast carcinoma cell line

A high whey protein–, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement preserves muscle mass during intentional weight loss

Cottage Cheese Making

 

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"First of all, we need to understand what we mean by the word safe. Actually, in terms of the academic literature, "safe" refers to "an acceptable level of risk." It doesn't refer to situations where there is no risk. Most of us drive in cars all the time and consider it to be safe even though we know that people are killed and injured in automobiles frequently. We have to understand that safe equals acceptable risk.

Glyphosate Poses Risk to Female Reproductive Health

Although there are only a handful of studies on the safety of GE soybeans, there is considerable evidence that glyphosate? especially in conjunction with the other ingredients in Roundup? wreaks havoc with the endocrine and reproductive systems.

Glyphosate throws off the delicate hormonal balance that governs the whole reproductive cycle. It interferes with aromatase, which produces estrogen, and it's also highly toxic to the placenta in pregnant women. In a 2009 French study, scientists discovered that glyphosate can kill the cells in the outer layer of the human placenta (the trophoblast membrane), which in turn can kill the placenta. A mere 1/500th the amount needed to kill weeds was able to kill these cells! The amount is so small, according to the study's authors, that the "residual levels to be expected, especially in food and feed derived from Roundup formulation-treated crops" could be enough to "cause cell damage and even [cell] death." If the endocrine function of the placenta is destroyed, then ovarian and endometrial function may also suffer, and the end result could be a miscarriage.  It's important to remember that glyphosate can accumulate in your body, allowing its toxic effects to grow worse with repeated consumption of foods containing these Roundup Ready crops. Clearly, this may become a serious concern for the next generation, as most young children girls and boys alike growing up today are fed processed foods containing GE ingredients on a daily basis, year after year...—

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Monsanto Roundup: The Impacts of Glyphosate Herbicide on Human Health. Pathways to Modern Diseases

Glyphosate’s Suppression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Amino Acid Biosynthesis by the Gut Microbiome: Pathways to Modern Diseases

By Global Research News

Global Research, January 02, 2014

Entropy and Global Research 12 July 2013

Theme: Biotechnology and GMO, Science and Medicine

 

by Anthony Samsel and Stephanie Seneff 

Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup®, is the most popular herbicide used worldwide[F1] . The industry asserts it is minimally toxic to humans, but here we argue otherwise. Residues are found in the main foods of the Western diet, comprised primarily of sugar, corn, soy and wheat. Glyphosate’s inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is an overlooked component of its toxicity to mammals. CYP enzymes play crucial roles in biology, one of which is to detoxify xenobiotics. Thus, glyphosate enhances the damaging effects of other food borne chemical residues and environmental toxins. Negative impact on the body is insidious and manifests slowly over time as inflammation damages cellular systems throughout the body. Here, we show how interference with CYP enzymes acts synergistically with disruption of the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids by gut bacteria, as well as impairment in serum sulfate transport. Consequences are most of the diseases and conditions associated with a Western diet, which include gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, depression, autism, infertility, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. We explain the documented effects of glyphosate and its ability to induce disease, and we show that glyphosate is the “textbook example” of exogenous semiotic entropy[F2] : the disruption of homeostasis by environmental toxins.

Introduction

The foodstuffs of the Western diet, primarily grown by industrial agriculture, are increasingly being produced using a two-part system of engineered plant seeds and toxic chemical application.[F3] --Novel bacterial genes are incorporated through genetic engineering, and toxic chemical residues are readily taken up by the engineered plants[F4] . Research indicates that the new bacterial RNA and DNA present in genetically engineered plants, providing chemical herbicide resistance and other traits, have not yet fully understood biological effects. This paper however, will only examine the effects of the chemical glyphosate, the most dangerous Bio Agent on the planet.--------Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine), the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup®, is the main herbicide in use today in the United States, and increasingly throughout the World, in agriculture and in lawn maintenance, especially now that the patent has expired. 80% of genetically modified crops, particularly corn, soy, canola, cotton, sugar beets and most recently alfalfa, are specifically targeted towards the introduction of genes resistant to glyphosate, the so-called “Roundup Ready®  feature” In humans, only small amounts (~2%) of ingested glyphosate are metabolized to aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the rest enters the blood stream and is eventually eliminated through the urine [1].

Studies have shown sharp increases in glyphosate contamination in streams in the Midwestern United States following the mid 1990s, pointing to its increasing role as the herbicide of choice in agriculture [2]. A now common practice of crop desiccation through herbicide administration shortly before the harvest assures an increased glyphosate presence in food sources as well [3–5]. The industry asserts that glyphosate is nearly nontoxic to mammals [6,7], and therefore it is not a problem if glyphosate is ingested in food sources. Acutely, it is claimed to be less toxic than aspirin [1,6]. As a consequence, measurement of its presence in food is practically nonexistent. A vocal minority of experts believes that glyphosate may instead be much more toxic than is claimed, although the effects are only apparent after a considerable time lapse.

Thus, while short-term studies in rodents have shown no apparent toxicity [8], studies involving life-long exposure in rodents have demonstrated liver and kidney dysfunction and a greatly increased risk of cancer, with shortened lifespan [9].

Glyphosate’s claimed mechanism of action in plants is the disruption of the shikimate pathway, which is involved with the synthesis of the essential aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan [10].

The currently accepted dogma is that glyphosate is not harmful to humans or to any mammals because the shikimate pathway is absent in all animals. However, this pathway is present in gut bacteria, which play an important and heretofore largely overlooked role in human physiology [11–14] through an integrated biosemiotic relationship with the human host. In addition to aiding digestion, the gut microbiota synthesize vitamins, detoxify xenobiotics, and participitate in immune system  homeostasis and gastrointestinal tract permeability [14]. Furthermore, dietary factors modulate the microbial composition of the gut [15].[F5] ----The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases such as juvenile onset Crohn’s disease has increased substantially in the last decade in Western Europe [16] and the Entropy 2013, 15 1418 United States [17]. It is reasonable to suspect that glyphosate’s impact on gut bacteria may be contributing to these diseases and conditions.----However, the fact that female rats are highly susceptible to mammary tumors following chronic exposure to glyphosate [9] suggests that there may be something else going on. Our systematic search of the literature has led us to the realization that many of the health problems that appear to be associated with a Western diet could be explained by biological disruptions that have already been attributed to glyphosate. These include digestive issues, obesity, autism, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, Parkinson’s disease, liver diseases, and cancer, among others. While many other environmental toxins obviously also contribute to these diseases and conditions, we believe that  glyphosate may be the most significant environmental toxin, mainly because it is pervasive and it is often handled carelessly due to its perceived nontoxicity.

In this paper, we will develop the argument that the recent alarming increase in all of these health issues can be traced back to a combination of gut dysbiosis, impaired sulfate transport, and suppression of the activity of the various members of the  cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes. We have found clear evidence that glyphosate disrupts gut bacteria and suppresses the CYP enzyme class. The connection to sulfate transport is more indirect, but justifiable from basic principles of biophysics.

In the remainder of this paper, we will first provide evidence from the literature that explains some of the ways in which glyphosate adversely affects plants, microbes, amphibians and mammals.

Section 3 will discuss the role that gut dysbiosis, arguably resulting from glyphosate exposure, plays in inflammatory bowel disease and its relationship to autism.

Section 4 argues that the excess synthesis of phenolic compounds associated with glyphosate exposure represents a strategy to compensate for impairments in the transport of free sulfate.

Section 5 will provide evidence that glyphosate inhibits CYP enzymes. Section 6 explains how obesity can arise from depletion of serum tryptophan due to its sequestering by macrophages responding to inflammation. Section 7 shows how extreme tryptophan depletion can lead to impaired nutrient absorption and anorexia nervosa.

Section 8 provides a brief review of all the roles played by CYP enzymes in metabolism. Section 9 discusses a likely consequence to glyphosate’s disruption of the CYP-analog enzyme, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Section 10 shows how glyphosate’s effects could plausibly lead to brain-related disorders such as autism, dementia, depression, and Parkinson’s disease. Section 11 mentions several other health factors that can potentially be linked to glyphosate, including reproductive issues and cancer.

Section 12 discusses the available evidence that glyphosate is contaminating our food supplies, especially in recent years. Following a discussion section, we sum up our findings with a brief

 

Numerous laboratory studies have shown that glyphosate and the Roundup formulation can be genotoxic and endocrine disrupting. One study summarises these effects occurring at doses substantially lower than those used in agriculture, or permitted as residues: at 0.5 mg/kg (40 times lower than levels permitted in soybeans in the US) they were anti-androgenic; at 2 mg/kg they were anti-oestrogenic; at 1 mg/kg they disrupted the enzyme aromatase; at 5 mg/kg they damaged DNA, and at 10 mg/kg there were cytotoxic. These effects can result in crucial outcomes for sexual and other cell differentiation, bone metabolism, liver metabolism, reproduction, development and behaviour, and hormone dependent diseases such as breast and prostate cancer (Gasnier et al 2009).

Exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides, even at very low doses may result in reproductive and hormonal problems, miscarriages, low birth weights, birth defects, and various cancers—especially haematological cancers such as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and hormonal cancers such as breast cancer. Several epidemiological studies have linked exposure to glyphosate with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, hairy cell leukaemia, multiple myeloma, DNA damage; and one study with spontaneous abortions and pre-term deliveries

 

GM pea protein caused lung damage in mice

Offspring of rats fed GM soy showed a five-fold increase in mortality, lower birth weights, and the inability to reproduce

GM potatoes may cause cancer in rats

Male mice fed GM soy had damaged young sperm cells

Bacteria in your gut can take up DNA from GM food

The embryo offspring of GM soy-fed mice had altered DNA functioning

GM foods lead to significant organ disruptions in rats and mice, specifically the kidney, liver, heart and spleen

Several US farmers reported sterility or fertility problems among pigs and cows fed on GM corn varieties

Bt corn caused a wide variety of immune responses in mice, commonly associated with diseases such as arthritis, Lou Gehrig's disease, osteoporosis, and inflammatory bowel disease

Investigators in India have documented fertility problems, abortions, premature births, and other serious health issues, including deaths, among buffaloes fed GM cottonseed products

 

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Stick out your tongue- Tongue appearance and illness

Date-December 5, 2014

Source-Inderscience Publishers

Physicians often ask their patients to "Please stick out your tongue." The tongue can betray signs of illness, which combined with other symptoms such as a cough, fever, presence of jaundice, headache or bowel habits, can help the physician offer a diagnosis. For people in remote areas who do not have ready access to a physician, a new diagnostic system is reported in the International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology that works to combine the soft inputs of described symptoms with a digital analysis of an image of the patient's tongue.--Karthik Ramamurthy of the Department of Information Technology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, in Chennai, India, and colleagues, have trained a neural network that can take soft inputs such as standard questions about symptoms and a digitized image of the patient's tongue and offer a likely diagnosis so that professional healthcare might then be sought if needed. The digitized images of the patient's tongue reveal discoloration, engorgement, texture and other factors that might be linked to illness.--Smoothness and "beefiness" might reveal vitamin B12, iron, or folate deficiency, and anemia. Black discoloration could be indicative of fungal overgrowth in HIV patients or prolonged antibiotic use. Longitudinal furrows on the tongue are associated with syphilis. Ulcers may indicate the presence of Crohn's disease or colitis and various other conditions. The team's automated diagnostic, however, utilizes the condition of the tongue in combination with other symptoms to identify whether a patient has any of various illnesses: common cold, flu, bronchitis, streptococcal throat infection, sinusitis, allergies, asthma, pulmonary edema, food poisoning and diverticulitis.--The current system allows diagnosis of fourteen distinct conditions but the team adds that they will be able to add eye images and use those as an additional hard input for their neural network and so extend its repertoire significantly.--Story Source-The above story is based on materials provided by Inderscience Publishers. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.--Journal Reference-Karthik, R., Menaka, R., Kulkarni, S. and Deshpande, R. Virtual doctor: an artificial medical diagnostic system based on hard and soft inputs. Int. J. Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp.329-342

The two main characteristics of the tongue in TCM ZHENG diagnosis are the color and the coating. The color of the patient's tongue color provides information about his/her health status. For example [13], dark red color can indicate inflammation or ulceration, while a white tongue indicates cold attack, mucus deposits, or a weakness in the blood leading to such conditions as anemia [12]. Moreover, a yellow tongue points out a disorder of the liver and gallbladder, and blue or purple implies stagnation of blood circulation and a serious weakening of the part of the digestive system that corresponds to the area of the tongue where the color appears.

 

Tongue Diagnosis: Color of the Tongue:

Tongue Diagnosis: Coating of the Tongue: (Coating is related to Stomach function.)

 

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Antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptotic by ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga rhizhome in human breast carcinoma cell line.

BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:192

Authors: Samarghandian S, Hadjzadeh MA, Afshari JT, Hosseini M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: We investigated the potential of galangal rhizomes to induce cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in the cultured human breast carcinoma cell line, (MCF-7) in compare with the non-malignant (MRC-5) cells.-METHODS: Both cells were cultured in DMEM medium and treated with galangal rhizomes for three consecutive days. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate.
RESULTS: The results showed that the ethanolic extract of galangal rhizomes decreased cell viability in the malignant cells as a concentration- and time- dependent manner. The IC50 values against MCF-7 were determined at 400.0 ± 11.7 and 170.0 ± 5.9 μg/ml after 48 and 72 h respectively. The morphology of MCF-7 cells treated with the ethanolic extract confirmed the cell proliferation assay results. Alpinia galanga induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, as determined by flow cytometry.--CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the extract of Alpinia galanga exerts pro-apoptotic effects in a breast cancer-derived cell line and could be considered as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in breast cancer.--PMID: 24935101 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Recipe---Make a tea out of this or even percolate this in a coffee percolator---this will also strengthen the heart and intestines

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A high whey protein–, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement preserves muscle mass during intentional weight loss in obese older adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial1,2,3

  1. Amely M Verreijen,
  2. Sjors Verlaan,
  3. Mariëlle F Engberink,
  4. Sophie Swinkels,
  5. Johan de Vogel-van den Bosch, and
  6. Peter JM Weijs

+ Author Affiliations

1.      1From the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (AMV, MFE, and PJMW), and Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands (SV, SS, and JdV-vdB).

+ Author Notes

·         2 Supported by Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition.

·         3 Address correspondence to AM Verreijen, School of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerlaan 8, 1067 AM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: a.verreijen@hva.nl.

Abstract

Background: Intentional weight loss in obese older adults is a risk factor for muscle loss and sarcopenia.

Objective: The objective was to examine the effect of a high whey protein–, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement on muscle mass preservation during intentional weight loss in obese older adults.

Design: We included 80 obese older adults in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. During a 13-wk weight loss program, all subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (−600 kcal/d) and performed resistance training 3×/wk. Subjects were randomly allocated to a high whey protein–, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement including a mix of other macro- and micronutrients (150 kcal, 21 g protein; 10×/wk, intervention group) or an isocaloric control. Primary outcome was change in appendicular muscle mass. Secondary outcomes were body composition, handgrip strength, and physical performance. Data were analyzed by using ANCOVA and mixed linear models with sex and baseline value as covariates.

Results: At baseline, mean ± SD age was 63 ± 5.6 y, and body mass index (in kg/m2) was 33 ± 4.4. During the trial, protein intake was 1.11 ± 0.28 g [F6] · kg body weight–1 · d–1 in the intervention group compared with 0.85 ± 0.24 in the control group (P < 0.001). Both intervention and control groups decreased in body weight (−3.4 ± 3.6 kg and −2.8 ± 2.8 kg; both P < 0.001) and fat mass (−3.2 ± 3.1 kg and −2.5 ± 2.4 kg; both P < 0.001), with no differences between groups. The 13-wk change in appendicular muscle mass, however, was different in the intervention and control groups [+0.4 ± 1.2 kg and −0.5 ± 2.1 kg, respectively; β = 0.95 kg (95% CI: 0.09, 1.81); P = 0.03]. Muscle strength and function improved over time without significant differences between groups.

Conclusion: A high whey protein–, leucine-, and vitamin D–enriched supplement compared with isocaloric control preserves appendicular muscle mass in obese older adults during a hypocaloric diet and resistance exercise program and might therefore reduce the risk for sarcopenia. This trial was registered at the Dutch Trial Register (http://www.trialregister.nl) as NTR2751.

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Cottage Cheese Making

Method 1 of 3: Use Rennet

  1. 1

Heat the milk. Pour the milk into a small saucepan and place it over medium heat. Heat the milk slowly, making sure it doesn't boil, until it reaches 85 degrees F. Use a candy thermometer to monitor the temperature. Turn off the heat when the milk is sufficiently warm.

  1. 2

Add the rennet. Place the drops of rennet directly in the milk. Use a spoon to stir the mixture for about 2 minutes.

  1. 3

Let the mixture stand. Cover the saucepan with a clean dish towel and let the rennet and milk sit untouched for about 4 hours. The rennet will start reacting with the milk to turn it into cheese.[1]

  1. 4

Slice the mixture. Remove the dish cloth and use a knife to make slices in the mixture and break up the curds. Slice several times in one direction, then make several slices in the opposite direction.

  1. 5

Cook the mixture. Add the salt to the saucepan. Turn the burner to medium low. Stir the mixture as it heats to help the curds separate from the whey. Stop as soon as the curds have separated and the whey looks slightly yellow. Don't overcook the mixture, or the curds will be hard.

  1. 6

Strain the curds. Place a piece of cheesecloth or a fine-mesh strainer over a bowl Pour the curds and whey into the cheesecloth to strain the curds from the whey. Keeping the curds in the cheesecloth suspended over a bowl, cover the curds loosely with plastic wrap and place all of it in the refrigerator to let the whey continue to drain for a few hours. Stir it every once in awhile to help it along.

  1. 7

Serve the cottage cheese. Place the curds in a clean bowl and add the cream or half and half. Season with more salt to taste.

Method 2 of 3: Use Vinegar

  1. 1

Heat the milk. Place the milk in a saucepan and put it on the stove. Turn the burner to medium and let the milk heat to 120 degrees. Use a candy thermometer to monitor the milk's temperature. Remove it from heat once it is sufficiently warmed.

  1. 2

Add the vinegar. Pour the vinegar into the saucepan and stir the mixture slowly for 2 minutes. Cover the pan with a dish cloth and let the mixture rest for 30 minutes.

  1. 3

Strain the curds from the whey. Pour the mixture into a colander lined with cheesecloth or a thin dish cloth. Let the whey drain for about five minutes.[2]

  1. 4

Rinse the curds. Gather the edges of the cloth and hold the curds under a stream of cold water. Squeeze the curds and move them around until they are all rinsed and cooled.

  1. 5

Finish the cottage cheese. Place the curds in a bowl. Add the salt and the cream or half and half. Store in the refrigerator or serve immediately.

Method 3 of 3: Use Lemon Juice

  1. 1

Heat the milk. Place it in a saucepan and heat it until it begins to steam, but does not come to a boil. Remove the milk from heat.

  1. 2

Add the lemon juice. Pour the lemon juice into the warm milk and stir it slowly for several minutes.

  1. 3

Let the mixture rest. Cover the saucepan with a dish cloth and let the curds separate from the whey for about an hour.

  1. 4

Strain the curds from the whey. Place a piece of cheesecloth over a bowl and pour the curds and whey into the cheesecloth. Let the curds drain for about 5 minutes.

  1. 5

Rinse the curds. Gather the ends of the cheesecloth and hold it under cool water to rinse the curds. Continue until they are completely cooled, then squeeze the cloth to get the curds as dry as possible.

  1. 6

Finish the cottage cheese. Place the curds in a bowl and add the salt and cream or half and half.

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Doubling saturated fat in diet does not increase saturated fat in blood

Date:

November 21, 2014

Source:

Ohio State University

 

This is a sampling of foods provided to research participants during the three weeks that they were eating a very-low-carb diet. Doubling or even nearly tripling saturated fat in the diet does not drive up total levels of saturated fat in the blood, according to a controlled diet study.--However, increasing levels of carbohydrates in the diet during the study promoted a steady increase in the blood of a fatty acid linked to an elevated risk for diabetes and heart disease. The finding "challenges the conventional wisdom that has demonized saturated fat and extends our knowledge of why dietary saturated fat doesn't correlate with disease," said senior author Jeff Volek, a professor of human sciences at The Ohio State University. In the study, participants were fed six three-week diets that progressively increased carbs while simultaneously reducing total fat and saturated fat, keeping calories and protein the same. The researchers found that total saturated fat in the blood did not increase -- and went down in most people -- despite being increased in the diet when carbs were reduced. Palmitoleic acid, a fatty acid associated with unhealthy metabolism of carbohydrates that can promote disease, went down with low-carb intake and gradually increased as carbs were re-introduced to the study diet. "It's unusual for a marker to track so closely with carbohydrate intake, making this a unique and clinically significant finding. As you increase carbs, this marker predictably goes up," Volek said. When that marker increases, he said, it is a signal that an increasing proportion of carbs are being converted to fat instead of being burned as fuel. Reducing carbs and adding fat to the diet in a well-formulated way, on the other hand, ensures the body will promptly burn the saturated fat as fuel -- so it won't be stored. "When you consume a very low-carb diet your body preferentially burns saturated fat," Volek said. "We had people eat 2 times more saturated fat than they had been eating before entering the study, yet when we measured saturated fat in their blood, it went down in the majority of people. Other traditional risk markers improved, as well." The research is published in the Nov. 21, 2014, issue of the journal PLOS ONE. Volek and colleagues recruited 16 adults for the study, all of whom had metabolic syndrome, defined as the presence of at least three of five factors that increase the risk for heart disease and diabetes (excess belly fat, elevated blood pressure, low "good" cholesterol, insulin resistance or glucose intolerance, and high triglycerides). After getting them to a baseline reduced-carb diet for three weeks, researchers fed the participants the exact same diets, which changed every three weeks, for 18 weeks. The diets started with 47 grams of carbs and 84 grams of saturated fat each day, and ended with 346 carb grams per day and 32 grams daily of saturated fat. Each day's meals added up to 2,500 calories and included about 130 grams of protein. The highest-carb level represented 55 percent of daily calories, which roughly matches the estimated daily percentage of energy provided by carbs in the American diet.

Compared to baseline, there were significant improvements in blood glucose, insulin and blood pressure that were similar across diets. Participants, on average, lost almost 22 pounds by the end of the trial. When looking at palmitoleic acid, however, the scientists found that it consistently decreased on the high-fat/low-carb diet in all participants. The fatty acid then showed a step-wise increase in concentration in the blood as carbs were progressively added to the diet. Elevated levels of palmitoleic acid in the blood have been linked to obesity and higher risk for inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, heart disease and prostate cancer. The study does not address what happens to palmitoleic acid levels when high carbs are combined with a diet high in saturated fat. Instead, Volek hoped to identify the carb-intake point at which participants began to store fat. "That turned out to be highly variable," he said. "Everyone showed increased palmitoleic acid levels as carbs increased, but values varied widely between individuals, especially at the highest carb intake. This is consistent with the idea that people vary widely in their tolerance to carbohydrates." Participants' existing health risks were not a factor in the study because everyone ate the exact same diet for 18 weeks. Their bodies' responses to the food were the focus of the work. "There is widespread misunderstanding about saturated fat. In population studies, there's clearly no association of dietary saturated fat and heart disease, yet dietary guidelines continue to advocate restriction of saturated fat. That's not scientific and not smart," Volek said. "But studies measuring saturated fat in the blood and risk for heart disease show there is an association. Having a lot of saturated fat in your body is not a good thing. The question is, what causes people to store more saturated fat in their blood, or membranes, or tissues? "People believe 'you are what you eat,' but in reality, you are what you save from what you eat," he said. "The point is you don't necessarily save the saturated fat that you eat. And the primary regulator of what you save in terms of fat is the carbohydrate in your diet. Since more than half of Americans show some signs of carb intolerance, it makes more sense to focus on carb restriction than fat restriction.[F7] " Volek sees this palmitoleic acid as a potential biomarker to signal when the body is converting carbs to fat, an early event that contributes to what he calls "metabolic mayhem.""There is no magical carb level, no cookie-cutter approach to diet, that works for everyone," he said. "There's a lot of interest in personalized nutrition, and using a dynamically changing biomarker could provide some index as to how the body is processing carbohydrates."-Story Source-The above story is based on materials provided by Ohio State University. The original article was written by Emily Caldwell. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.-Journal Reference-Brittanie M. Volk, Laura J. Kunces, Daniel J. Freidenreich, Brian R. Kupchak, Catherine Saenz, Juan C. Artistizabal, Maria Luz Fernandez, Richard S. Bruno, Carl M. Maresh, William J. Kraemer, Stephen D. Phinney, Jeff S. Volek. Effects of Step-Wise Increases in Dietary Carbohydrate on Circulating Saturated Fatty Acids and Palmitoleic Acid in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9 (11): e113605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113605

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Show of the Month  December  13 2014

Wake Forest research confirms controversial nitrite hypothesis

C-130 aircraft caught dropping massive ‘raindrop shaped fibers’ onto populace, lab tests confirm “metals”

AEROSPACE WORKER FIRED After Admitting-- “I Installed Chemtrail Devices

Human exposure to metal cadmium may accelerate cellular aging

These Substances may help to Detoxify Cadmium

Bacterial biofilms are associated with colon cancer, imaging technique reveals

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Wake Forest research confirms controversial nitrite hypothesis[F8] 

By Bonnie Davis, 336-758-5390, davisbl@wfu.edu Office of Communications and External Relations

Understanding how nitrite can improve conditions such as hypertension, heart attack and stroke has been the object of worldwide research studies. New research from Wake Forest University has potentially moved the science one step closer to this goal.--In a paper published online ahead of print in the February issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, senior co-author Daniel Kim-Shapiro, professor of physics at Wake Forest, and others show that deoxygenated hemoglobin is indeed responsible for triggering the conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide, a process that affects blood flow and clotting.---“We have shown that conversion of nitrite to nitric oxide by deoxygenated hemoglobin in red blood cells reduces platelet activation,” Kim-Shapiro said. “This action has implications in treatments to reduce clotting in pathological conditions including sickle cell disease and stroke.”--In 2003, Kim-Shapiro collaborated with Mark Gladwin, now at the University of Pittsburgh, who led a study that showed that nitrite (which is also used to cure processed meats), is not biologically inert as had been previously thought, but can be converted to the important signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO), and thereby increase blood flow[F9] . At that time, the researchers hypothesized that the conversion of nitrite to NO was due to a reaction with deoxygenated hemoglobin in red blood cells.--The main goal of the latest research, Kim-Shapiro said, was to determine how red blood cells perform these important signaling functions that lead to increased blood flow. The researchers used several biophysical techniques to measure NO production from nitrite and red blood cells and examined the mechanism of NO production.-“Importantly, this action was increased under conditions of low oxygen so nitrite acts to increase blood flow in the body just when it is needed. What we’re showing with this research is what part of the red cell is doing this, and it’s consistent with our original hypothesis,” he said. “This speaks to the mechanisms and how they work – to how nitrite is dilating blood vessels and reducing clotting.”--As director of Wake Forest University’s Translational Science Center, Kim-Shapiro and others have conducted studies that look at how nitrite and its biological precursor, nitrate (found in beet root juice) can be utilized in treatments for a variety of conditions. In a 2010 study, they were the first to find a link between consumption of nitrate-rich beet juice and increased blood flow to the brain.---Kim-Shapiro said that next steps in the research include examining whether all red blood cells have this activation function and whether this function is diminished in red cell diseases like sickle cell disease, other blood diseases, or in the transfusion of older blood.--“Does this important function that we can now attribute to the hemoglobin in the red cells get compromised under certain conditions? And if so, how can we enhance it?” he said.

This work was supported by NIH grants HL058091, HL098032, and the Translational Science Center of Wake Forest University and Hypertension & Vascular Research Center of Wake Forest School of Medicine.--Lead co-authors include Chen Liu and Nadeem Wajih, of WFU department of physics. Contributing authors include Xiaohua Liu, Swati Basu, John Janes, Madison Marvel, Christian Keggi, Amber N. Lee, Andrea M. Belanger, Debra I. Diz, Paul J. Laurienti, and David L. Caudell, all of Wake Forest; Christine C. Helms, University of Richmond; and Jun Wang and Mark T. Gladwin, from the Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute at the University of Pittsburgh.

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C-130 aircraft caught dropping massive ‘raindrop shaped fibers’ onto populace, lab tests confirm “metals”

Independent lab tests point to mainstream cover-up of live biowarfare, geoengineering testing

By Shepard Ambellas

C-130, tailed by two other aircraft, conducting biowarfare, geoengineering operations over Chino Valley, Arizona, Nov., 2014. --CHINO VALLEY, Ariz. (INTELLIHUB.COM) — Marie Snow and her friend Cori Gunnels knew they stumbled across something sinister, one November day, this year, when they saw what appeared to be 50 to 60-foot long “raindrops”, “solid” in nature, falling from the sky in clusters, after three military aircraft, including a C-130, flew overhead, minutes prior, at an altitude of an estimated 5,000-8,000 ft.--Using critical thinking skills, Snow and Gunnels, patriots and local residents, decided to collect samples of the fibrous material which was deployed from the three military planes earlier that day, saving the samples for testing. In fact, the fibers looked so ominous that Snow even opted not to touch them with her “bare hands” and collected them on “white pieces of paper”.--Visible fibers, 50 to 60 feet long, left after three military aircraft were flying at approx. 5,000-8,000 ft. altitude. --Soon after, Snow, determined to know the truth, contacted her local news station, KPHO, CBS 5, inviting them to investigate her fibrous discovery. -----Within days, CBS 5 took Snow up on her offer, sending reporter Greg Argos to investigate the fibrous samples she collected off of the natural terrain and nearby fence posts, also noting her eyewitness account to the 3 military aircraft which flew overhead that day. However, what happened after CBS 5 interviewed Snow may shock you.---According to Argos’ video piece, published Nov. 18, by CBS 5, samples of the unusual fibers, which are “thicker than a spider web and “very strong”, were taken to Grand Canyon University’s Forensic Science Lab for testing where a woman by the name of “Melissa Beddow” allegedly tested the samples under “40 times magnification”.--As reported in the Argos piece, Beddow stated that the fibrous samples were likely “biodegradable gauze” from “nearby cattle farms”, made up of “a mixture of wheat, gluten, flour and bacitracin, an antibiotic” in what the network touted as a “straight story”.--However, after the local news piece aired, Snow and others were skeptical of Argos’ findings. Snow was soon after urged by Al DiCicco, who appears in the documentary film “Shade the Motion Picture”, a film about covert and sinister bioweapons testing programs, to contact Intellihub News and get independent testing of the samples done by a reputable lab. And that’s just what Marie Snow did.---On Nov. 22, Snow reached out to me, [Intellihub's Shepard Ambellas] to gather yet another opinion on how to proceed after something just didn’t feel right to Snow about KPHO, CBS 5′s report. --Once contacted by Snow, I, myself, recommended just what my friend Al DiCicco told her to do, “get some independent testing done”as we could than later do a “powerful article” if the results differed from KPHO, CBS 5′s findings.

And again, that’s just what Snow and Gunnels did, sending the samples to a credible lab, a testing facility located in Redding California to properly and scientifically carry out tests of several fibrous samples. --Days after, the actual results came back from the lab, and what was found may shock you.--The work orders, numbered “14K0279“, dated Dec. 4, 2014 and “14K0683“, dated Dec. 2, 2014, stated that “All analysis were performed under strict adherence to our established Quality Assurance Plan” and that “solid” “fibers” were submitted by “Marie Snow” for “general testing”.

Lab test "14K0683" dated Dec. 02, 2014. (Image Credit: Cori Gunnels)

Lab test “14K0683” dated Dec. 02, 2014. (Image Credit: Cori Gunnels)

Astonishingly, both tests concluded that both samples indeed tested positive for three metal analytes, “Aluminum”, “barium” and “strontium”, three substances commonly known by dedicated researchers to be found in persistent contrails, i.e. chemtrails and or geoengineering, terraforming operations as pointed out by investigative researcher, activist, Rosalind Peterson, Agriculture Defense Coalition, in Shade the Motion Picture.

Lab test "14K0729" dated Dec. 04, 2014. (Image Credit: Marie Snow)

Lab test “14K0729” dated Dec. 04, 2014. (Image Credit: Marie Snow)

Coupling the Redding lab’s scientific findings, with Marie Snow’s eyewitness account of the three military planes flying overhead, the fibrous material collected, and other breakthrough research noted in Shade the Motion Picture, we must now hold the mainstream news accountable for not reporting actual scientific evidence and findings pertaining to persistent contrails, chemtrails, geoengineering or the terraforming of our planetary atmosphere.---In fact scientists, likely not credible ones, Bill Gates and others are now claiming that geoengineering is needed to block solar radiation, to prevent “global warming”. --Although some like Dr. Matthew Watson, University of Bristol, say that Solar Radiation Management (SRM) could have “profoundly terrifying” consequences possibly causing extreme drought or severe rainfall, conflicting weather, in opposite regions of the globe not typical to the locality.--Mysterious fibers containing barium, strontium and aluminum found on power lines after military test, Chino Valley, AZ. (Photo Credit: Marie Snow)--“Some of the techniques could also damage the ozone layer, leaving people at risk of skin cancer, or potentially trigger conflicts amid tensions between those affected by their deployment, the scientists said.”, as reported by The Telegraph in the article Six radical ways to tackle global warming. ---But maybe even more bothersome is the fact that theses biological, chemical, and in some cases radiological, tests have all been approved to be conducted on the general public, at any time, by the U.S. government or military, under a public law.—

Public Law 105–85  105th Congress

PUBLIC LAW 105-85- NOV. 18, 1997: USE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS FOR TESTING OF CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL AGENTSSEC. 1078. RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS FOR TESTING OF CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL AGENTS.(a) PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES. – The Secretary of Defense may not conduct (directly or by contract)(1) any test or experiment involving the use of a chemical agent or biological agent on a civilian population; or
(2) any other testing of a chemical agent or biological agent on human subjects.(b) EXCEPTIONS.- Subject to subsections (c), (d), and (e), the prohibition in subsection (a) does not apply to a test or experiment carried out for any of the following purposes:(1) Any peaceful purpose that is related to a medical, therapeutic, pharmaceutical, agricultural, industrial, or research activity.

(2) Any purpose that is directly related to protection against toxic chemicals or biological weapons and agents.

(3) Any law enforcement purpose, including any purpose related to riot control.

So section (a) prohibits these cruel and inhumane chemical and biological tests on humans.

Then section (b) says that the prohibitions in section (a) do not apply to tests carried out for virtually any purpose. So section (b) completely negates the prohibitions of section (a).

And don’t be fooled — testing is currently being conducted and is harming your health as pointed out by Luca Zanna and Al DiCicco in Shade the Motion Picture when lab work, i.e. official blood tests were revealed for the first time publicly, demonstrating that the very metals, “analyites” found in these chemtrail “raindrop” like fibers are also in the human bloodstream at alarmingly toxic levels.

Ladies and gentlemen we are being exterminated ever so slowly. Our eventual deaths brought on by the bi-product of geoengineering applications, now being sold to the American people as necessary. And yes, the U.S. government is aware of it and has prepared quite the secret budget, unseen to most, kept under the radar of the American people.

The secretive budget, that President Obama and other members of his administration don’t want you to know about, was first uncovered by myself [Shepard Ambellas] and Avalon, Intellihub.com, in March of 2011, published in an article titled “Exposed: Secret presidential chemtrail budget uncovered — Congress exceeds billions to spray populace like roaches” which garnered worldwide attention.

Focusing on exposing geoengineering, chemtrail, applications, the article called out the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), which is composed of 13 federal member agencies, with FY budgets into the billions of dollars.

The USGCRP, working hand-and-hand with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), the U.S. government, and other governments of the world are conducting sinister and experimental research on mother earth and all of its living inhabitants including humans, plants, animals and sea life.

Moreover, massive money-making schemes may also be partly to blame for modern weather manipulation, geoengineering, and terraforming operations as weather derivatives can now be traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.

In fact the CME Group’s official website confirms the market for such operations, reading, “From heat waves to arctic cold outbreaks, weather often has a significant impact on business – accounting for $5.3 billion of the $16 trillion US GDP. CME Group’s temperature-based index futures and options provide the tools to help you manage weather-related risk.” All big business and opportunity for the wealthy, despite being downplayed by publications such as Fortune.

Snow’s personal encounter is described by her in the following memo sent to Intellihub News:

My friend Cori Gunnels, who lives eight miles south-west of me, called and told me to go outside to see a C-130 or KC-130, with two escorts flying over her home. I went outside and looked to the south-west and saw a 130 with two escorts to the rear of it heading west. The second (northern most) escort split off from the other two and was headed in my direction, (north-east).

When it began to fly directly over my house, (Cori was on the phone with me), I began seeing what looked like long rain drops, or extremely long cob-web type fibers (twenty to fifty feet long), falling from the direction of the aircraft. I did not see it falling directly from the aircraft, but it was an immediate action. The sun was in the perfect position for me to see this substance falling toward the ground, and on my head.

The substance also fell from the sky on my friend Cori at the time the aircraft were present and passing over her. Neither of us saw the substance fall directly from the aircraft, however, it was at the exact time the different aircraft passed over both of us. Cori lives at an altitude of approx. 5,400 ft., and Cori told me that the aircraft were almost at the same altitude as Granite Mountain, which is 7,629 ft. Cori’s friend was working in Chino Valley at that exact time and he also reports seeing the substance fall from the sky. I am not sure if he saw the aircraft.

I grabbed a white piece of paper and began collecting the unknown substance from mid-air. The fibers were so long that I had to wind the paper over and over for many minutes in order to collect it. I also collected the fibers from the cars, fences and plants. The telephone lines were covered in it. Not only was this substance found in my yard, but also all over of Chino Valley, the Yavapai College Campus in Chino Valley, Prescott, Williamson Valley, and there were reports in Phoenix as well.

I am very afraid that this substance may be harmful, as the fibers are very fine and I, along with anyone else that was outside at the time, breathed them in. Because it landed in my organic garden, I disposed of anything growing there.

I have many pictures of this substance, a picture of the three aircraft, and physical evidence we collected from the air, cars, fences and plants. The picture of the C130 seems to show the rear loading bay open on the back of the aircraft.

This matter is urgent and needs attention. I called Ernest Love Field in Prescott to inquire whether they had any knowledge of a C-130 with two escorts were in the area… they know nothing. I have contacted the EPA, who referred me to Arizona Dept. of Environmental Quality… who referred me back to the EPA. I also filed three complaints with the FAA, have emailed all ninety-four AZ State representatives, and only heard back from Judy Burgess, who requested that I notify her of the results of the lab tests. If none of these agencies are responsible for an unknown substance falling from an aircraft, why do they exist?

I contacted Luke AFB, and was told to contact Davis Monthan AFB. I spoke with an air force Lieutenant there, and they are investigating this event. I did a television interview with CBS on 11-12-14, they did not do an honest interview. When I left the interview they gathered their own samples and had them tested (Positive gauze, wheat gluten flour and bacitracin). I asked them to hold off on the story until we got our results back. We have sent two samples of the substance to different labs and as of 12-4-14, my results show highly positive for aluminum = 421mg (MDL = 156), Strontium = 70.8mg (MDL = 3.1), Cori’s results Aluminum 1020mg
(MDL = 164) Barium = 34.1 (MDL = 11.9).

Update, Nov. 19, 2014: Congressman Gosar has assigned the case to the EPA and I feel we are going to be heard finally.

Update Nov. 21, 2014: I have heard from the EPA… they are taking the case.

Update Dec. 02, 2014: We are searching for any labs: soil, air, rainwater, blood, fibers. Please help. Alerting alternative media to keep the truth alive.

Thank you,

Marie Snow

It’s also important to point out that Corri Gunnels, an admin on “Uniting for Our Planet, Redding CA’s” Facebook page, told Intellihub News in an interview Friday, that she “knew they [KPHO, CBS 5] were going to marginalize the story”, despite the fact that the station’s news editor, Scott Davis, told Gunnels that he had never been directed by corporate to skew a report.

Gunnels also wanted me to point out in this article that “three other eyewitnesses in Phoenix called CBS 5″, reporting the strange fibers days before Gunnel and Snow collected samples.

Gunnels believes that this information was withheld from the local news report, as “biodegradable bandages” wouldn’t be of any use in the city of Phoenix as limited livestock exists there, further demonstrating a potential cover-up of the actual story.

Other Sources:

‘Mysterious’ fibers in Chino Valley are biodegradable gauze — KPHO, CBS 5

Six radical ways to tackle global warming – The Telegraph

Recent U.S. snowstorms found to contain elements of entomological warfare being conducted on American populace – Intellihub.com

PUBLIC LAW 105–85—NOV. 18, 1997 — DOD.mil

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AEROSPACE WORKER FIRED After Admitting-- “I Installed Chemtrail Devices

 

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New World Order Plans To Destroy and Take Over!

In case you missed this relevant news mid-May, an ex-aerospace worker came forward and admitted that chemtrail devices are installed on airplanes (as he was one of the installers) and shares details about what they installed.--We need to be very concerned about this, as it is affecting the health of our loved ones, our children, ourselves, and society as a whole! It also has damaging catastrophic effects on the environment, our food supply, and much  more.

In his words, from the included video footage below: 

“We gutted the plane, mounted the tanks. Installed the cables and lines and spraying devices. I was a civilian worker supervised by the military. When we finished, we were told that this was a test conducted by the German Aeronautics and Space Administration. Meaning that the plane with the spraying devices goes ahead while a second plane with measuring devices flies behind and conducts measurements. Like, “we just want to find out how the particles do behave and propagate.--“So when we were finished with the installation, guys from the  military came over and instructed us to wear full body protective clothing and breathing masks because they were now going to fill the tanks. And that the substances, like aluminum sulfides or barium oxides, would contain highly toxic nano particle sized polymers.--He then adds, “We are moving toward an ecological catastrophe!  And those who don’t believe me, please come here and I will show you the proof!”

Aerospace Worker: “I Installed Chemtrails Devices” – ENGLISH SUBS

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Human exposure to metal cadmium may accelerate cellular aging

Date:

December 11, 2014

Source:

George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health

A new study led by a researcher at Milken Institute School of Public Health (Milken Institute SPH) at the George Washington University looks at the metal cadmium and finds that higher human exposure can lead to significantly shorter telomeres, bits of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that are associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other diseases of old age[F10] . The study, which was published online in the American Journal of Epidemiology, is the largest-ever to look at cadmium exposure and telomeres.---"We looked at heavy metals in this study and found a strong association between exposure to low levels of cadmium and telomere shortening," says Ami Zota, ScD, MS, an assistant professor of environmental and occupational health at Milken Institute SPH. "Our findings suggest that cadmium exposure can cause premature aging of cells.[F11]  And they add to other evidence indicating this heavy metal can get into the bloodstream and trigger kidney disease and other health problems."--The World Health Organization calls environmental exposure to cadmium a "major public health concern," and notes this heavy metal has been associated with cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems, cancer and other serious diseases. People typically are exposed to small amounts of this toxic metal by inhaling tobacco smoke, eating fruits and vegetables grown in contaminated soil or living near an industrial site, according to Zota.---In this study, Zota and her colleagues looked at blood and urine samples taken from more than 6,700 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2002, a nationally representative health survey of the U.S. population. The researchers obtained purified DNA from blood cells and then used a genetic technique known as polymerase chain reaction to measure the telomeres, the caps on the tips of chromosomes that help protect the genetic code[F12] .--Then the researchers measured the concentration of cadmium in the blood and urine samples. They divided the participants up into fourths based on the concentrations of cadmium found in their bloodstream, finding that people in the highest group had telomeres that were about six percent shorter than those in the lowest group.--"People with the highest cadmium exposure had cells that looked on average 11 years older than their chronological age," Zota said, adding that even people in the highest group of exposure still had very tiny amounts of metal in their bloodstream. "This study adds to evidence suggesting that no level of exposure to this metal is safe."--Normal wear and tear on the telomeres leads to shortening as people get older. But other factors, including cadmium, may speed up that process. When the telomeres get too short, the cell can no longer divide and chronic diseases can be the result.--The findings of this study suggest that cadmium can elicit harmful effects on the human body at levels well below the current safety standards set by environmental and occupational safety agencies. Such findings suggest that public health officials may need to accelerate the efforts to reduce the contamination of the environment--so that people are protected from even trace amounts of this metal, Zota notes.--The World Health Organization says global efforts to reduce exposure to this metal are urgently needed in order to protect the public health. Because tobacco smoke releases cadmium into the air WHO recommends a ban on smoking in public places. The group also suggests that governments worldwide promote better ways of disposing batteries and other measures to prevent contamination of the environment. Interventions should be aimed at protecting the most vulnerable, such as minority or low-income populations, who are often disproportionately exposed.--For non-smokers, food is generally the largest source of cadmium exposure, Zota says. Cadmium levels in some foods can be increased due to the application of phosphate fertilizers [F13] or sludge that is applied to farm fields.--Many other studies have linked exposure to cadmium to a host of health problems but this is one of the first to suggest it can shorten telomeres and set people up for premature aging, Zota says. This study also looked at human exposure to the heavy metal lead but found no link between blood levels of lead and shorter telomeres, Zota says.--Still, she says the new study's findings do not prove that exposure to cadmium actually causes telomeres to get shorter. Instead, this study finds an association between cadmium levels and shorter telomeres, a link that was strong and independent but must be proven with additional research.-Story Source--The above story is based on materials provided by George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.--Journal Reference-Ami R. Zota, Belinda L. Needham, Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Jue Lin, Sung Kyun Park, David H. Rehkopf, and Elissa S. Epel. Associations of Cadmium and Lead Exposure With Leukocyte Telomere Length: Findings From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002. American Journal of Epidemiology, December 2014 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu293

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These Substances may help to Detoxify Cadmium

 

Amino Acids

 

Cysteine may chelate Cadmium from the body:  [more info]

 

-N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) counteracts the toxic effects of Cadmium.  references

 

Cystine may chelate Cadmium from the body.  [more info]

Ethylene-Diamine-Tetra-Acetate (EDTA) - the synthetic Amino Acid used in Chelation Therapy – may chelate Cadmium from the body.  references

Methionine may chelate Cadmium from the body.  references

 

Taurine may facilitate the excretion of Cadmium and minimizes the toxic effects associated with Cadmium.  references

 

Carbohydrates

 

Alginates may bind to Cadmium in the Digestive Tract, may reduce its absorption and may facilitate its excretion.  references

 

Pectins may reduce the absorption of Cadmium in the digestive tract. 

Hormones

 

Melatonin may counteract the ability of Cadmium to damage the Liver:  references

 

Melatonin may inhibit the depletion of Glutathione in the Liver that is caused by Cadmium accumulation.

 

Minerals

 

Calcium may increase the elimination of Cadmium from the body by competing with Cadmium for absorption.  [more info]

Copper may increase the elimination of Cadmium from the body.  [more info]

Iron may facilitate the elimination of Cadmium from the body.  references

 

Selenium may increase the elimination of Cadmium from the body and may inhibit Cadmium-induced stimulation of the Epithelium of the Prostate.  references

Zinc may prevent the accumulation of Cadmium (by competing with it for absorption).  references

 

Peptides

 

Glutathione (usually after incorporation into the Glutathione Peroxidase enzyme) may chelate Cadmium from the body.  [more info]

 

Proteins

 

Metallothionein (an endogenous Protein) immobilizes Cadmium by binding to it, making it unavailable to the tissues and organs.

 

Sulfuric Compounds

 

DMSA may prevent the absorption of Cadmium from the Gastrointestinal Tract.  references

 

Vitamins

 

Lipoic Acid may chelate (bind to and remove) accumulated Cadmium from the body and may help to prevent Liver damage caused by Cadmium.  references

Vitamin C (500 - 1,000 mg per day) may assist in removing accumulated Cadmium and may reverse the symptoms of Cadmium toxicity.  references

 

The Tocopherol Succinate form of Vitamin E may provide total protection to the body’s Cells from the toxic effects of Cadmium:  references

 

Vitamin E may inhibit the ability of Cadmium to reduce the activity of 5'-Deiodinase (the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of Thyroxine to Triiodothyronine).

 

Water

 

Hard Water may dissolve Cadmium that may be present in water pipes more easily than can Soft Water.

 

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Bacterial biofilms are associated with colon cancer, imaging technique reveals

Date:

December 12, 2014

Source:

Marine Biological Laboratory

Bacteria forming a mixed biofilm on colon cancer tissue.

Since the first "catalog" of the normal bacterial makeup of the human body was published in 2012, numerous connections between illness and disturbances in the human microbiota have been found. This week, scientists report yet another: Cancerous tumors in the ascending colon (the part nearest to the small intestine) are characterized by biofilms, which are dense clumps of bacterial cells encased in a self-produced matrix.----"This is the first time that biofilms have been shown to be associated with colon cancer, to our knowledge," says co-author Jessica Mark Welch, a scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Mass.-The discovery, led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, draws on a novel way to "see" microbial community structure that was developed by Mark Welch and colleagues at the MBL. Called combinatorial imaging, it could potentially be used to clinically diagnose pre-cancerous and cancerous conditions in the ascending colon.--In healthy people, the colon is covered in a mucus layer (mucosa) that helps keep bacteria away from the colon's "skin," or epithelia. Remarkably, the team found that colon cancer patients who have tumor-associated biofilms also have biofilms on tumor-free areas of the nearby mucosa.-"This suggests that either the tumor allows the biofilm to form, or the biofilm is helping to cause the tumor," says Mark Welch. "The breaching of the mucus layer could allow bacteria to come into contact with the host epithelial cells, and that is one thing that could lead to cancer."--The team found that tumors in the descending colon (going to the rectum) do not have associated biofilms.--Mark Welch and MBL co-authors Gary Borisy (now at the Forsyth Institute) and Blair Rossetti are among a group of MBL scientists who invented the combinatorial imaging technique used in this research. Different colors of fluorescent probes (nine in this study) "light up" different species of bacteria in the biofilm, revealing the 3-D structure of its microbial community. They found that the biofilms associated with ascending colon tumors are composed of many species of bacteria; they are diverse (non-identical); and that the part of the biofilm that invades the mucosal layer contains a subset of all the bacterial strains in the biofilm, rather than just one invading strain[F14] .

Story Source-The above story is based on materials provided by Marine Biological Laboratory. The original article was written by Diana Kenney. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.--Journal Reference-Christine M. Dejea, Elizabeth C. Wick, Elizabeth M. Hechenbleikner, James R. White, Jessica L. Mark Welch, Blair J. Rossetti, Scott N. Peterson, Erik C. Snesrud, Gary G. Borisy, Mark Lazarev, Ellen Stein, Jamuna Vadivelu, April C. Roslani, Ausuma A. Malik, Jane W. Wanyiri, Khean L. Goh, Iyadorai Thevambiga, Kai Fu, Fengyi Wan, Nicolas Llosa, Franck Housseau, Katharine Romans, XinQun Wu, Florencia M. McAllister, Shaoguang Wu, Bert Vogelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Drew M. Pardoll, Cynthia L. Sears. Microbiota organization is a distinct feature of proximal colorectal cancers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014; 201406199 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406199111

  

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 [F1]Most powerful Bioagent that is the most destructive mix ever to be released on humanity

 [F2]Signs of death or complete termination or destructive effects

 [F3]Binary Effect---a dual method of attacking the body

 [F4]Delivery method to impact the consumer---entering in a epigenetic venue and then to more readily take up more chemicals

 [F5]With out these key aminos ---everything from serotonin-dopamaine thyroid-hypothalmus-pituatary are completely disabled

 [F6]This would mean taking your body weight divide by 2.2 to get the kilo conversion and then multiply the weight by the amount of protein in milligrams to grams

180 lb person / 2.2- 81 kg then multiply by the amount of protein intake so a 180 lb person taking 1.1 gram per Kg = 90 grams of protein the equivalent of 2 -3 oz pieces of meat or approximately a scoop of 30 gram of protein powder 3 times a day

 [F7]The carbs as well that people would be intolerant to would be the ones that would be genetically engineered—processed or loaded with glyphosates that would have a huge impact on normal bodily functions

 [F8]Nitrite signaling likely occurs through its reduction to nitric oxide (NO). Several reports support a role of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in nitrite reduction, but this remains controversial and alternative reductive pathways have been proposed. In this work we determined whether the primary human erythrocytic nitrite reductase is hemoglobin as opposed to other erythrocytic proteins that have been suggested to be the major source of nitrite reduction. We employed several different assays to determine NO production from nitrite in erythrocytes including electron paramagnetic resonance detection of nitrosyl hemoglobin, chemiluminescent detection of NO, and inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation. Our studies show that NO is formed by red blood cells and inhibits platelet activation. Nitric oxide formation and signaling can be recapitulated with isolated deoxyhemoglobin. Importantly, there is limited NO production from erythrocytic xanthine oxidoreductase and nitric oxide synthase. Under certain conditions we find dorzolamide (an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase) results in diminished nitrite bioactivation, but the role of carbonic anhydrase is abrogated when physiological concentrations of CO2 are present. Importantly, carbon monoxide, which inhibits hemoglobin function as a nitrite reductase, abolishes nitrite bioactivation. Overall our data suggest that deoxyhemoglobin is the primary erythrocytic nitrite reductase operating under physiological conditions and accounts for nitrite-mediated NO signaling in blood.

 [F9]This is where it can be a an issue ---if the meat it self has some kind of carcinogen in it---then the nitric oxide when converted from the nitrate or nitrite will also carry this throughout as well---the same effect found in cigarettes the nicotinic acid acts as a delivery mechanism to send throughout the body the poisons attached amplifying the effect

The nitrites would do the same---to offset this you would incorporate Vitamin C to negate the carcinogen---make the nitrite safe 

 [F10]Vitamin C can reverse the telomeres from the damge of cadmium and it can be bound with a sulphur as well to remove this

 [F11]The have found higher then normal levels of cadmium in the northern part of  Ontario where chemtrail activity has been

 [F12]Protein enzyme that protect the telomeres

 [F13]Glyphosates---these may even chealte or transport the metal more profoundly into the cells

 [F14]Tuesday, Jan. 8, 2013 - A new study published in the journal Current Microbiology describes the harmful effect of glyphosate on intestinal bacteria in poultry. The evidence is that glyphosate is toxic to beneficial bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus badius, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus spp, while pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella Entritidis, Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Typhimurium, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum are highly resistant to glyphosate.--A reduction of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract disturbs the normal gut bacterial community and allows salmonella and clostridia species to grow unchecked thus increasing the incidence of these two diseases.--The researchers pointed out that glyphosate also has the potential to induce genetic mutations within bacteria, making it possible for a new level of pathogenicity to emerge following chronic exposure to this chemical.- Oral bioavailability of glyphosate: studies using two intestinal cell lines.

 

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Show of the Month  December  27 2014

Polymorphism, bacteria inside us help dictate inflammation, antitumor activity

Terrestrosin D, a steroidal saponin from Tribulus terrestris L., inhibits growth and                                                                                                                                      angiogenesis of human prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo

Steroidal saponins from Tribulus terrestris---Protective effect of Tribulus terrestris linn on liver and kidney in cadmium intoxicated rats

Wild blueberries (bilberries) can help tackle adverse effects of high-fat diet

Creation of 'rocker' protein opens way for new smart molecules in medicine, other fields

 Bad air means bad news for seniors' brainpower

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Polymorphism, bacteria inside us help dictate inflammation, antitumor activity

Date:

December 20, 2014

Source:

The Wistar Institute

A common polymorphism -- a variation in a person's DNA sequence that is found with regularity in the general population -- can lead to a chain of events that dictates how a tumor will progress in certain types of cancer, including a form of breast cancer as well as ovarian cancer, according to new research from The Wistar Institute that was published online by the journal Cancer Cell.--The research reveals a more explicit role about the symbiotic relationship humans have with the various bacteria that inhabit our body and their role during tumor progression.--"Our research indicates that interactions between the helpful bacteria in our bodies and immune cells at places situated away from tumors influence systemic responses in the host that alter how these tumors are able to progress," said José Conejo-Garcia, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor and Program Leader in the Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program at The Wistar Institute and lead author of the study.--Humans are colonized with trillions of bacteria -- known as commensal bacteria because there are benefits to having these bacteria in our bodies -- that inhabit the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and our skin. [F1] These bacteria provide a first line of defense against infection. Recent research has found that interactions between these bacteria and the immune system are critical for providing important defenses against tumors occurring outside of the intestines.--[F2] In order for the immune system to recognize commensal as well as microscopic organisms that can cause disease -- or pathogens -- many of our cells are programmed to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. At least 23% of the general public carries mutations in a group of pathogen recognition receptors called Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes. One of the most abundant polymorphisms, occurring in about 7.5% of the general population, or slightly more than one in fifteen people, which results in loss of function, is in TLR5. Although this polymorphism is found in completely healthy individuals, the people who do carry it are susceptible to illnesses such as Legionnaires disease, urinary tract infections, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Knowing that this variant could impact some immune responses, Wistar researchers set out to understand whether TLR5 signaling influences cancer.--The researchers found that TLR5 signaling influences certain types of cancer in different ways and is dependent upon the ability of the tumor to respond to interleukin 6 (IL-6), a small protein that can have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. In individuals with functional TLR5 expression, commensal bacteria are able to stimulate IL-6 production, greater mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which in turn transform gamma delta T cells, a T cell subset that possesses innate-like properties, to produce high amounts of galectin-1, a protein that suppresses antitumor immune activity and hastens tumor progression.---However, the researchers also showed that TLR5 signaling does not always mean that tumors will grow faster. TLR5-deficient mice with tumors that produce low levels of IL-6 have faster tumor progression. In this instance, IL-17, another interleukin closely associated with autoimmune diseases and inflammation, is consistently found in higher levels in TLR5-deficient mice that have tumors, but IL-17 only accelerates cancer when the tumors are unresponsive to IL-6.---Researchers observed these phenomena were dependent upon commensal bacteria. When commensal bacteria were removed with antibiotics, the differences in TLR5-mediated tumor progression were not observed. The researchers noted that the differences in inflammation and progression of tumors are recapitulated in TLR5-responsive and unresponsive patients with ovarian and luminal breast cancer. The researchers performed a survival analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) on patients for whom data on their TLR5 status was known.----"Although independent sets of data and higher numbers of patients are needed, our data suggest that ovarian cancer reflects the evolution of IL-6-dependent tumors, while luminal breast cancer appears to become more aggressive in carriers of the polymorphism that abrogates TLR5 signaling," Conejo-Garcia said.---[F3] For ovarian cancer, which is associated with high levels of IL-6, researchers found a significantly higher number of TLR5-deficient patients alive six years after their initial diagnosis compared with patients with TLR5, indicating a correlation between the absence of TLR5 and improved survival. For luminal breast cancer, which is associated with low levels of IL-6, the long-term survival prospects were worse for patients without TLR5.---Story Source-The above story is based on materials provided by The Wistar Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.---Journal Reference-Melanie R. Rutkowski, Tom L. Stephen, Nikolaos Svoronos, Michael J. Allegrezza, Amelia J. Tesone, Alfredo Perales-Puchalt, Eva Brencicova, Ximena Escovar-Fadul, Jenny M. Nguyen, Mark G. Cadungog, Rugang Zhang, Mariana Salatino, Julia Tchou, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Jose R. Conejo-Garcia. Microbially Driven TLR5-Dependent Signaling Governs Distal Malignant Progression through Tumor-Promoting Inflammation. Cancer Cell, 2014; DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.11.009

 


 [F1]Glyphosates Destroy this bacteria opening everyone up to a variety or host of activity which can create all kinds of imbalances---with the added metals and biofilms as well from the chemtrails ---you would be able to create a considerable overload and expedite the spread of anything to create the tumours-paracitical—viral---fungal and negative bacteria over load

 [F2]This can refer to skin lesions as well

 [F3]The reasons for different cancer activity in different regions what gets turned on and what gets turned off

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Terrestrosin D, a steroidal saponin from Tribulus terrestris L., inhibits growth and angiogenesis of human prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Pathobiology. 2014;81(3):123-32

Authors: Wei S, Fukuhara H, Chen G, Kawada C, Kurabayashi A, Furihata M, Inoue K, Shuin T

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether terrestrosin D (TED) inhibits the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer and consider its mechanism.
METHODS: Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activity and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion were detected by a caspase-3 assay and human vascular endothelial growth factor kit, respectively. A PC-3 xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the anticancer effect of TED in vivo.
RESULTS: In vitro, TED strongly suppressed the growth of prostate cancer cells and endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. TED induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PC-3 cells and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). TED-induced apoptosis did not involve the caspase pathway. TED also decreased ΔΨm in PC-3 cells and HUVECs. In vivo, TED significantly suppressed tumor growth in nude mice bearing PC-3 cells, without any overt toxicity. Immunohistochemical analysis showed TED induced apoptotic cell death and inhibited angiogenesis in xenograft tumor cells.
CONCLUSION: Cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells and endothelial cells might be plausible mechanisms of actions for the observed antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of TED.---PMID: 24642631 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Make a tea –with the herb---or a tincture ---getting this herb in the spring may increase testosterone production which can fortify heart as well as muscle in the body---later in the harvest term the chemistry will not be same—which will be beneficial for kidney function as well

 

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Steroidal saponins from Tribulus terrestris.

Kang LP1, Wu KL2, Yu HS2, Pang X3, Liu J4, Han LF4, Zhang J3, Zhao Y3, Xiong CQ3, Song XB4, Liu C3, Cong YW3, Ma BP5.

Author information

Abstract

Sixteen steroidal saponins, including seven previously unreported compounds, were isolated from Tribulus terrestris. The structures of the saponins were established using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. They were identified as: 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-2α,3β,22α,26-tetrol-12-one (terrestrinin C), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-22α,26-diol-3,12-dione (terrestrinin D), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-furost-4-en-22α,26-diol-3,6,12-trione (terrestrinin E), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-3β,22α,26-triol-12-one (terrestrinin F), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-12β,22α,26-triol-3-one (terrestrinin G), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(16)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-22α,26-diol-3,12-dione (terrestrinin H), and 24-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5α-spirostan-3β,24β-diol-12-one-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(14)-β-d-galactopyranoside (terrestrinin I). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their platelet aggregation activities. Three of the known saponins exhibited strong effects on the induction of platelet aggregation

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Protective effect of Tribulus terrestris linn on liver and kidney in cadmium intoxicated rats.

Lakshmi GD1, Kumar PR, Bharavi K, Annapurna P, Rajendar B, Patel PT, Kumar CS, Rao GS.

Author information

Abstract

Administration of cadmium (Cd) significantly increased the peroxidation markers such as malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls along with significant decrease in antioxidant markers such as super oxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in liver and kidney tissues. Cadmium also caused a significant alteration in hepatic and renal functional markers in serum viz. total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Prominent pathological changes observed in liver were severe vascular and sinusoidal congestion with diffuse degenerative changes and mononuclear infiltration into peripheral areas, while the kidney showed vascular and glomerular congestion, cloudy swelling of tubular epithelium. Coadministration of ethonolic extract of T. terrestris or vitamin E along with Cd significantly reversed the Cd induced changes along with significant reduction in Cd load.

take wheat germ oil or any oils that are high in E--alnond--sunflower-olive--and take the tincture or extract and blend together  in equal parts for about 5 minutes this will fuse the 2 --and then use 1/2 - 1 tsp increments

 

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Wild blueberries (bilberries) can help tackle adverse effects of high-fat diet

Date:

December 18, 2014

Source:

University of Eastern Finland

Eating bilberries diminishes the adverse effects of a high-fat diet, according to a recent study at the University of Eastern Finland. For the first time, bilberries were shown to have beneficial effects on both blood pressure and nutrition-derived inflammatory responses.---Low-grade inflammation and elevated blood pressure are often associated with obesity-related diseases. The study focused on the health effects of bilberries on mice that were fed high-fat diet for a period of three months. Some of the mice were fed either 5% or 10% of freeze-dried bilberries in the diet. The researchers assessed the effects of the diets by looking at inflammatory cell and cytokine levels, systolic blood pressure, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and weight gain.--Mice on the high-fat diet experienced significant weight gain and detrimental changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation factors and blood pressure. Bilberries diminished the pro-inflammatory effects of the high-fat diet, indicated by an altered cytokine profile and a reduced relative prevalence of inflammation supporting T-cells. Bilberries also prevented elevated blood pressure caused by the high-fat diet.---Bilberries constitute an integral part of the Nordic diet and they could be better utilized also elsewhere in the world. Bilberries are associated with several beneficial health effects and their use involves plenty of traditional wisdom. The beneficial health effects of bilberries are thought to be explained by polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, the levels of which are significantly higher in bilberries than in commercially cultivated blueberries.--Story Source-The above story is based on materials provided by University of Eastern Finland. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.--

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Creation of 'rocker' protein opens way for new smart molecules in medicine, other fields

Date:

December 18, 2014

Source:

Dartmouth College

 

Gevorg Grigoryan, an assistant professor of computer science at Dartmouth College, and researchers from other institutions have built the first artificial transporter protein that carries individual atoms across membranes, opening the possibility of engineering a new class of smart molecules with applications in fields as wide ranging as nanotechnology and medicine[F1] .---Human cells are protected by a largely impenetrable molecular membrane, but researchers have built the first artificial transporter protein that carries individual atoms across membranes, opening the possibility of engineering a new class of smart molecules with applications in fields as wide ranging as nanotechnology and medicine[F2] .--The study, which appears Dec. 19, in the journal Science, is a milestone in designing and understanding membrane proteins. The study was conducted by researchers from Dartmouth College, the University of California-San Francisco, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and National Institute of Science Educational and Research in India.--Each human cell is surrounded by a lipid membrane, a molecular barrier that serves to contain the cellular machinery and protect it from the surrounding elements. This cellular "skin" is impenetrable to most biological molecules but also presents a conundrum: if chemicals can't get in or out, how is a cell to receive nutrients (food) and remove unwanted products of metabolism (trash)[F3] ? Nature has come up with an elegant solution to this logistical problem -- transporter proteins (or transporters). These molecular machines are embedded in the cellular membrane and serve as gatekeepers, allowing specific chemicals to shuttle in and out when needed. Though biologists have known about transporters for many decades, their precise mechanism of action has been elusive.--The researchers set out to "build" an artificial transporter protein from scratch, to learn how transporters work, and to open the possibility of engineering a new class of smart molecules. They developed new computational techniques to model the necessary molecular physics, enabling them to design a transporter protein through computer simulation. Specifically, computer simulations suggested which amino-acid building blocks should comprise the future transporter, so that it would carry ionic atoms of metal zinc in one direction across membranes, while pumping protons in the other. Using this computational blueprint, they created the molecule in the lab, referring to it as "Rocker" due to its predicted molecular dynamic properties: the protein was expected to "rock" between two alternating states, allowing it to drive atoms through.---"To our great excitement, experiments showed that Rocker did indeed transport zinc and protons and it did, in fact, rock between two states just as designed," says co-lead author Gevorg Grigoryan, an assistant professor of computer science at Dartmouth. "Further, Rocker showed great selectivity, not transporting ions of calcium, another design feature."-- Proteins are nature's workhorse molecules, performing a great variety of tasks in the cell from catalysis and sensing to generation of mechanical work. Learning to design (from first principles) novel protein molecules to perform specific tasks would mean that the immense richness of function that proteins have to offer can be brought to bear in a variety of applications, from better therapeutics to smart materials and clean energy solutions.--"Our findings are an important step forward in this pursuit, demonstrating that through the use of computer simulations to orchestrate precise properties of atomic structure and molecular dynamics, proteins can now be designed to carry out complex functions that rival those of natural molecular machines," Grigoryan says. "Further, our work represents a milestone in designing and understanding membrane proteins, a particularly challenging class of proteins."Story Source--The above story is based on materials provided by Dartmouth College. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.--Journal Reference-N. H. Joh, T. Wang, M. P. Bhate, R. Acharya, Y. Wu, M. Grabe, M. Hong, G. Grigoryan, W. F. DeGrado. De novo design of a transmembrane Zn2 -transporting four-helix bundle. Science, 2014; 346 (6216): 1520 DOI: 10.1126/science.1261172

 

 


 [F1]This is horrendously dangerous ---this will effect environmental settings---these protens will get out into the field just like Genetics and other nano components but with a protein delivery system the natural protection in the field whether environmental—human-aquatic-mammalian or reptilian will all be impacted---with a vaccine the nano delivery method which is already being utilized is showing high levels of affliction---this has become an experiment ---using humans as a guinea pig

 [F2]Anyone seeing the connection here with smart dust tech and ligand or protein binding agents---and there already effect on the environment

 [F3]That is the nature of defence against viral or fungal or bacterial invaders---when the barrier is penetrated with nano then it has no defence and becomes a re written cell and saturated with nano particles

 

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 Bad air means bad news for seniors' brainpower

Date-November 16, 2012

Source-The Gerontological Society of America

Living in areas of high air pollution can lead to decreased cognitive function in older adults, according to new research presented in San Diego at The Gerontological Society of America's (GSA) 65th Annual Scientific Meeting.--This finding is based on data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Health and Retirement Study. The analysis was conducted by Jennifer Ailshire, PhD, a National Institute on Aging postdoctoral fellow in the Center for Biodemography and Population Health and the Andrus Gerontology Center at the University of Southern California.--"As a result of age-related declines in health and functioning, older adults are particularly vulnerable to the hazards of exposure to unhealthy air," Ailshire said. "Air pollution has been linked to increased cardiovascular and respiratory problems, and even premature death, in older populations, and there is emerging evidence that exposure to particulate air pollution may have adverse effects on brain health and functioning as well."--This is the first study to show how exposure to air pollution influences cognitive function in a national sample of older men and women. It suggests that fine air particulate matter -- composed of particles that are 2.5 micrometers in diameter and smaller, thought to be sufficiently small that if inhaled they can deposit deep in the lung and possibly the brain -- may be an important environmental risk factor for reduced cognitive function.--The study sample included 14,793 white, black, and Hispanic men and women aged 50 and older who participated in the 2004 Health and Retirement Study (a nationally representative survey of older adults). Individual data were linked with data on 2004 annual average levels of fine air particulate matter from the Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System monitors across the country. Cognitive function was measured on a scale of 1 to 35 and consisted of tests assessing word recall, knowledge, language, and orientation.--Ailshire discovered that those living in areas with high levels of fine air particulate matter scored poorer on the cognitive function tests. The association even remained after accounting for several factors, including age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking behavior, and respiratory and cardiovascular conditions.--Fine air particulate matter exposures ranged from 4.1 to 20.7 micrograms per cubic meter, and every ten point increase was associated with a 0.36 point drop in cognitive function score. In comparison, this effect was roughly equal to that of aging three years; among all study subjects, a one-year increase in age was associated with a drop 0.13 in cognitive function score.--Story Source-The above story is based on materials provided by The Gerontological Society of America. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

 

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