Show Of the Month December 2012
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2012
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Show of the Month December 14
2012
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2012
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Of The Month December 24 2012
Show of the Month December 28 2012
How to Make Chlorine Bleach---or a Peroxide Bleach
Omega-6 fatty acids and risk of heart failure in the Physicians’ Health Study
Catnip Oil Repels Bloodsucking Flies--- Shoo, Fly
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This is a wonderfully precise encapsulation of the point of view of holistic medicine. The holistic approach to medicine begins with the assumption that health is a positive and active state, that it is an inherent characteristic of whole and integrated human beings. From a holistic standpoint, a person is not a patient with a disease syndrome, but a whole being. Acknowledgment of this wholeness means that the therapist must appreciate the mental, emotional, spiritual, social, and environmental aspects of his or her patients' lives—not just the physical. A holistic practitioner of any particular therapy has a deep respect for the individual's inherent capacity for self- healing. This facilitates a relationship of active partnership in the healing process, as opposed to an unequal dynamic between expert healer and passive recipient
A framework that embraces a whole range of therapeutic modalities—whether labeled orthodox or alternative— becomes apparent. These modalities may all be used in a relevant and coherent way in the treatment of the whole of a person, not just symptoms or syndromes
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How to Make Chlorine Bleach---or a Peroxide Bleach
Chlorine bleach is a combination of chemical solutions and water. The mixture is used in various formats to whiten materials, wash laundry and materials and to disinfect objects and surfaces. The elements used to make the substance include chlorine, caustic soda and water. The chlorine and caustic soda create a solution known as sodium hypochlorite, which is a hazardous substance. Making your own cleaning solutions, including chlorine bleach, may have benefits, including cost-savings, selection of ingredients and packaging-reduction.
Difficulty:
Moderately Easy
Instructions
Things You'll Need
- Sodium hypochlorite
- Water
- Protective gloves
- Opaque, plastic container
- Label or marker
- Hydrogen peroxide (optional)
- Gather Ingredients and Mix
- 1 --Obtain the sodium hypochlorite chemical solution through a distributor or manufacturer. You will only need a small bottle as your final solution will be predominately water.--Gather other materials as well, which include protective gloves, an opaque, plastic container for storage, a label or marker for labeling and water.---For a safer alternative, produce non-chlorine bleach by replacing the sodium hypochlorite chemical with hydrogen peroxide, which is readily available at your local grocery or pharmacy retailer.
- 2 --Find a well-ventilated area to mix ingredients as the fumes produced can be toxic.
- 3 --Clear the area of other liquids or solutions. There is a danger of toxic gases forming when the solution combines with specific liquids, specifically acids or alkalis (such as vinegar or ammonia). Read warnings on consumer product labels to avoid such dangers.
- 4 --To mix chlorine bleach combine 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite and 94.75 percent water. To mix non-chlorine bleach, combine equal parts hydrogen peroxide and water.
Pour mixture into the plastic container, and secure tightly. Shake to mix ingredients.
- 5 --Be sure to label or use marker to note the substance in the appropriate container. Due to the handling safety, it is important to easily identify the substance for you and other household members.-----Store the container out of the reach of children and away from food or drinks.
- 6 --Use chlorine bleach to clean and whiten fabrics through a chemical reaction that breaks down colors and stains in fabrics. Remove the broken down particles by washing the material or clothing.
The solution is also highly effective for cleaning household surfaces, including commonly touched surfaces and kitchen countertops.
Use chlorine bleach to disinfect water through a filtration process; this is used for drinking water and pool water, for example.
Tips & Warnings
- Clearly label and safely store any cleaning products stored in your household.
- Avoid handling chemical substances if possible, and read all warnings on consumer products. Chlorine bleach can weaken fabrics/materials and can easily irritate skin if exposed. Use caution when handling.
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According to Lynnae Williams, former CIA clandestine service trainee and DIA analyst, the FBI and CIA use trolls to monitor social media and interact with users to discredit information disseminated on the web. Williams explains that the CIA provides training videos to new recruits on how to troll the internet. Once a target is locked-in, all open source information is obtained on the individual, and then any angle to discredit them in public forum is used on social media sites.---Software is used to sift through the “mountains” of users on social networking sites. At the Atlanta CIA branch where Williams was trained, she personally witnessed CIA-sponsored and sanctioned trolling of Americans on social networking sites.----In 2011, the CIA revealed its Open Source Center where recruited personnel are used as government trolls to “analyze” websites for information pertinent to the objective of the US government – meaning discrediting targets on certain websites. Under the guise of conducting business intelligence (i.e. cyberespionage), the Open Source software gathers digital data on targets; including all Facebook posts, Twitter posts, comments on website threads. Those assigned to monitor this data can interact with users online through anonymous portals. Agents are designated to surveillance operations to message anyone, analyze political and religious speech, assess trends and conduct electronic eavesdropping through cell phones, satellites and other digital apparatus.---Agents not only survey the internet and interact as anonymous persons through directed postings, but also are deployed to wander through the streets domestically and in foreign nations to monitor newspaper and other printed media to extract useful information about the temperament of the general public.---When professional trolls want to attack for copyright infringement, they may combine defamatory comments across the internet with a fraudulent DMCA notice of takedown, to discredit a source of information that they feel threatened by.---The EFF have reported on copyright trolls that experiment with claiming copyright infringement to “extract settlements from individuals.” These trolls “try to grow businesses out of suing Internet users.”------Professional trolls litter the court system with frivolous lawsuits based on wild accusations of copyright infringement in order to wear down the victim as well as hoping to squeeze monetary restitution for fraudulent claims. The members of the alternative media as well as readers need to be aware of these individuals who are cloaked in truth yet rife with disinformation. Their intention is to cut off the free flow of information on the internet and stifle voices that are exposing truth for their own selfish gains.
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Omega-6 fatty acids and risk of heart failure in the Physicians’ Health Study1,2,3
- Andrew B Petrone, Natalie Weir, Naomi Q Hanson, Robert Glynn,
- Michael Y Tsai, J Michael Gaziano, and Luc Djoussé
+ Author Affiliations--From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (ABP, RG, JMG, and LD); the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center and Geriatric Research, Boston, MA (JMG and LD); Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RG, JMG, and LD); and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (NW, NQH, and MYT).
+ Author Notes--↵2 Supported by grants R01HL092946 and HL092946S1 (to LD) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Office of Dietary Supplement, Bethesda, MD. The Physicians’ Health Study was supported by grants CA-34944, CA-40360, and CA-097193 from the National Cancer Institute and grants HL-26490 and HL-34595 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD.
- ↵3 Address reprint requests and correspondence to L Djoussé, Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont Street, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02120. E-mail: ldjousse@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.
Abstract
Background: Although 1 in 5 adults will develop heart failure (HF) in their lifetime, currently data on the effect of plasma omega-6 (n−3) PUFAs on risk of HF are sparse.
Objectives: We investigated whether plasma phospholipid omega-6 concentrations are associated with risk of HF in US male physicians. In a secondary analysis, we evaluated whether such an association differs between HF with and without previous myocardial infarction (MI).
Design: With the use of a nested case-control design, this ancillary study comprised 788 cases and 788 matched controls from the Physicians’ Health Study. Plasma omega-6 PUFAs were measured by using gas chromatography.
Results: The mean age of subjects was 58.7 y with a mean follow-up time of 17.1 y. We did not show any evidence of a statistically significant relation between total omega-6 PUFAs and HF [OR (95% CI): 1.00; 0.85 (0.63, 1.14); 0.84 (0.63, 1.13); and 0.87 (0.63, 1.20) across consecutive quartiles of omega-6 PUFAs; P-linear trend = 0.39]. Results were similar for HF with and within previous MI.
Conclusion: Our data showed no significant association between total plasma omega-6 PUFAs and risk of developing HF.
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Catnip Oil Repels Bloodsucking Flies--- Shoo, Fly!
Catnip, the plant that attracts domestic cats like an irresistible force, has proven 99 percent effective in repelling the blood-sucking flies that attack horses and cows, causing $2 billion in annual loses to the cattle industry. -----ScienceDaily (Dec. 13, 2010) — Catnip, the plant that attracts domestic cats like an irresistible force, has proven 99 percent effective in repelling the blood-sucking flies that attack horses and cows, causing $2 billion in annual loses to the cattle industry. That's the word from a report published in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.--Junwei Zhu and colleagues note that stable flies not only inflict painful bites, but also transmit multiple diseases. Cattle harried by these bloodsuckers may produce less meat and milk, have trouble reproducing, and develop diseases that can be fatal. All traditional methods for controlling stable flies -- even heavy applications of powerful insecticides -- have proven less than effective. The scientists thus turned to catnip oil, already known to repel more than a dozen families of insects, including house flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches.-----They made pellets of catnip oil, soy, and paraffin wax, and spread them in a cattle feedlot. Within minutes, the pellets shooed the flies away, with the repellent action lasting for about three hours. Pellets without catnip oil, in contrast, had no effect. The scientists now are working on making the repellent action last longer, which they say is the key to putting catnip to use in protecting livestock both in feedlots and pastures.---Story Source-The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Chemical Society. --Journal Reference-Junwei J. Zhu, Christopher A. Dunlap, Robert W. Behle, Dennis R. Berkebile, Brian Wienhold. Repellency of a Wax-Based Catnip-Oil Formulation against Stable Flies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010; 58 (23): 12320 DOI: 10.1021/jf102811k
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Show of the Month December 7 2012
Gulf of Mexico Clean-Up Makes 2010 Spill 52-Times More Toxic
Mycotoxins- The Hidden Hormone Danger In Our Food Supply
Extended Sleep Reduces Pain Sensitivity
Vitamin D Required equivalency of Sun Exposure
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Gulf of Mexico Clean-Up Makes 2010 Spill 52-Times More Toxic
Mixing Oil With Dispersant Increased Toxicity to Ecosystems-----ScienceDaily (Nov. 30, 2012) — If the 4.9 million barrels of oil that spilled into the Gulf of Mexico during the 2010 Deep Water Horizon spill was a ecological disaster, the two million gallons of dispersant used to clean it up apparently made it even worse -- 52-times more toxic. That's according to new research from the Georgia Institute of Technology and Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), Mexico.--The study found that mixing the dispersant with oil increased toxicity of the mixture up to 52-fold over the oil alone. In toxicity tests in the lab, the mixture's effects increased mortality of rotifers, a microscopic grazing animal at the base of the Gulf's food web. The findings are published online by the journal Environmental Pollution and will appear in the February 2013 print edition.---Using oil from the Deep Water Horizon spill and Corexit, the dispersant required by the Environmental Protection Agency for clean up, the researchers tested toxicity of oil, dispersant and mixtures on five strains of rotifers. Rotifers have long been used by ecotoxicologists to assess toxicity in marine waters because of their fast response time, ease of use in tests and sensitivity to toxicants. In addition to causing mortality in adult rotifers, as little as 2.6 percent of the oil-dispersant mixture inhibited rotifer egg hatching by 50 percent. Inhibition of rotifer egg hatching from the sediments is important because these eggs hatch into rotifers each spring, reproduce in the water column, and provide food for baby fish, shrimp and crabs in estuaries.---"Dispersants are preapproved to help clean up oil spills and are widely used during disasters," said UAA's Roberto-Rico Martinez, who led the study. "But we have a poor understanding of their toxicity. Our study indicates the increase in toxicity may have been greatly underestimated following the Macondo well explosion."---Martinez performed the research while he was a Fulbright Fellow at Georgia Tech in the lab of School of Biology Professor Terry Snell. They hope that the study will encourage more scientists to investigate how oil and dispersants impact marine food webs and lead to improved management of future oil spills. ---"What remains to be determined is whether the benefits of dispersing the oil by using Corexit are outweighed by the substantial increase in toxicity of the mixture," said Snell, chair of the School of Biology. "Perhaps we should allow the oil to naturally disperse. It might take longer, but it would have less toxic impact on marine ecosystems."---Story Source-The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Georgia Institute of Technology. ---Journal Reference-Roberto Rico-Martínez, Terry W. Snell, Tonya L. Shearer. Synergistic toxicity of Macondo crude oil and dispersant Corexit 9500A® to the Brachionus plicatilis species complex (Rotifera). Environmental Pollution, 2013; 173: 5 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.09.024
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Mycotoxins- The Hidden Hormone Danger In Our Food Supply
Over 30 years ago, scientists observed mycotoxin contaminated animal feed (grains) interfering with normal sexual development in young female pigs, resulting in estrogenic syndromes and precocious puberty. Recent human research in the U.S. is now confirming that the contamination of our food supply with fungal toxins is adversely affecting the sexual development of young girls[U1] .-- Grains, once considered the foundation of the USDA's food pyramid, have recently come under scrutiny due to their purported evolutionary incompatibility (e.g. Paleodiet), their co-option by biotech and agricultural corporations (e.g. Monsanto's Franken-Corn), as well as the fact that they convert to "sugar" within the body, to name but a few of a growing list of concerns[U2] . But there may be a more underlying problem affecting all grains, including both organic and conventional varieties, that Nature herself produces, and it goes by the name of Mycotoxins.---What Are Mycotoxins?---Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by organisms of the fungi kingdom, commonly known as molds. If you eat grains, or grain-fed animal products, there is a good chance you are already being exposed because mold infestation and mycotoxin contamination affects as much as one-quarter of the global food and feed supply.[i]---Food contaminated with mycotoxins can cause acute, even life-threatening adverse health effects. As recently as April 2004, in Kenya, an outbreak of aflatoxicosis, caused by aflatoxin contamination in corn, resulted in 317 cases and 125 deaths.[ii] When samples of the corn were evaluated for levels of aflatoxin, 55% of the maize products tested had aflatoxin levels greater[U3] than the Kenyan regulatory limit of 20 parts per billion, ranging from 100 ppb (35%) to 1 part per million (7%).---While it is remarkable that these exceedingly low concentrations can have deadly effects, the absence of acute signs and symptoms of mycotoxin poisoning does not necessarily mean you are not being affected. Indeed, much lower, harder to detect, concentrations of various mycotoxins are capable of profoundly disrupting endocrine function in exposed population, likely contributing subclinically to many other chronic degenerative health conditions.-------Mycotoxins As Endocrine Disruptors---A groundbreaking study published in the journal The Science of Total Environment in 2011 found that the estrogen-disrupting mycotoxin known as zearalenone (ZEA), produced by the microscopic fungus Fusarium graminearum, was detectable in the urine of 78.5% of New Jersey girls sampled, and that these Zea-positive girls, aged 9 and 10 years, "tended to be shorter and less likely to have reached the onset of breast development."[iii]
ZEA mycotoxins originate in grains such as corn, barley, oats, wheat, rice and sorghum,[iv] but also travel up the food chain to grain-fed meat, eggs and dairy products, and are even found in beer. Indeed, the researchers were able to find an association between the young girls' urinary levels of ZEA and their intake of commonly contaminated sources such as beef and popcorn.
Interestingly, derivatives of ZEA mycotoxin have been patented as oral contraceptives. Also, according to a recent article "[zearalenone] has been widely used in the United States since 1969 to improve fattening rates in cattle by increasing growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. Evidence of human harm from this practice is provided by observations of central precocious puberty. As a result, this practice has been banned by the European Union." Other research has confirmed the link between mycotoxins and premature puberty.----
Pigs fed zearalenone contaminated corn fed pigs has resulted in estrogenic syndromes including uterine enlargement, swelling of the vulva and mammary glands, and pseudopregnancy, according to research published over 30 years ago.---
Molecular research on ZEA's endocrine disruptive properties indicate that it has much higher estrogen receptor binding affinity, when compared nanogram to nanogram, than found in other well-known endocrine disruptors, such as DDT and bisphenol A, in both estrogen receptor subtypes.[v] Also, healthy human intestinal microflora have been shown incapable of degrading zearalenone[U4] , unlike bisphenol A. [vi]---Surprisingly, the ZEA study in young NJ girls was the first ever performed to evaluate this mycotoxin's potential estrogen-disrupting properties, and indicates just how great a need there is for further research on the topic, as far as public health is concerned. There are already over 40 mycotoxins of great enough concern to be subject to regulation by over 100 countries.[vii] And yet, most of these have not been fully characterized or evaluated for their potential health risks.
What Can We Do About The Mycotoxin Problem?---Unfortunately, both conventional and organic grain products are equally susceptible to mycotoxin contamination.[viii] Also, cooking mycotoxin contaminated grains does not appear to reduce their concentrations. The solution, therefore, may require shifting away from cereal grains, altogether – [U5] especially those that are not fresh, i.e. corn on the cob. Due to the fact that much of the U.S. corn supply is contaminated with agrichemicals such as glyphosate, the primary herbicide ingredient within Roundup, and has been altered with recombinant DNA technology to contain potentially harmful transgenes, kicking the corn habit may not be so difficult. However, our infatuation with other susceptible grains, such as wheat, may be harder to kick[U6] . ---One of the best approaches to modifying the diet to exclude mold-susceptible grains is to focus on low-starch, high-nutrient vegetables instead, and choosing fresh produce instead of consuming more shelf stable, but mycotoxin rich, processed grain-based products.---Also, garlic has been studied to be capable of reducing the adverse effects of zearalenone toxicity, indicating that it would be an excellent seasoning to use if one were to consume potentially contaminated grains or grain-derived products of any kind. In fact, it is likely that the near universal use of spices within world culinary traditions may, in part, be due to their role in reducing adverse health effects associated with mycotoxins and related food-borne pathogens.
Resources
[i] USDA.gov, International Trade and Food Safety, Chapter 6, Mycotoxin Hazards and Regulations, Erik Dohlman
[ii] Lauren Lewis, Mary Onsongo, Henry Njapau, Helen Schurz-Rogers, George Luber, Stephanie Kieszak, Jack Nyamongo, Lorraine Backer, Abdikher Mohamud Dahiye, Ambrose Misore, Kevin DeCock, Carol Rubin, . Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in eastern and central Kenya. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Dec ;113(12):1763-7. PMID: 16330360
[iii] Elisa V Bandera, Urmila Chandran, Brian Buckley, Yong Lin, Sastry Isukapalli, Ian Marshall, Melony King, Helmut Zarbl. Urinary mycoestrogens, body size and breast development in New Jersey girls. Full Free Text. Sci Total Environ. 2011 Oct 3. Epub 2011 Oct 3. PMID: 21975003
[iv] INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY review on Zearalenone
[v] G G Kuiper, J G Lemmen, B Carlsson, J C Corton, S H Safe, P T van der Saag, B van der Burg, J A Gustafsson. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology. 1998 Oct ;139(10):4252-63. PMID: 9751507
[vi] Akiyama, H., Toyoda, M., Kato, M., Igimi, S. & Kumagai, S. (1997) The degradation of several mycotoxins by human intestinal microflora cultured by continous flow culture system. Mycotoxins, 44, 21-27.
[vii] Hans P van Egmond, Ronald C Schothorst, Marco A Jonker. Regulations relating to mycotoxins in food: perspectives in a global and European context. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007 Sep ;389(1):147-57. Epub 2007 May 17. PMID: 17508207
[viii] Carlo Brera, Carla Catano, Barbara de Santis, Francesca Debegnach, Marzia de Giacomo, Elena Pannunzi, Marina Miraglia. Effect of industrial processing on the distribution of aflatoxins and zearalenone in corn-milling fractions. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Jul 12 ;54(14):5014-9. PMID:16819910~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Practice of withdrawing food and fluid by tube being used on young patients
- Doctor admits starving and dehydrating ten babies to death in neonatal unit
- Liverpool Care Pathway subject of independent inquiry ordered by ministers
- Investigation, including child patients, will look at whether cash payments to hospitals to hit death pathway targets have influenced doctors' decisions
By Sue Reid and Simon Caldwell
PUBLISHED: 23:03 GMT, 28 November 2012 | UPDATED: 00:54 GMT, 29 November 2012
Sick children are being discharged from NHS hospitals to die at home or in hospices on controversial ‘death pathways’.
Until now, end of life regime the Liverpool Care Pathway was thought to have involved only elderly and terminally-ill adults.
But the Mail can reveal the practice of withdrawing food and fluid by tube is being used on young patients as well as severely disabled newborn babies.
Sick children and babies are being discharged from NHS hospitals to die at home or in hospices on controversial 'death pathways'
One doctor has admitted starving and dehydrating ten babies to death in the neonatal unit of one hospital alone. Writing in a leading medical journal, the physician revealed the process can take an average of ten days during which a baby becomes ‘smaller and shrunken’.
The LCP – on which 130,000 elderly and terminally-ill adult patients die each year – is now the subject of an independent inquiry ordered by ministers. The investigation, which will include child patients, will look at whether cash payments to hospitals to hit death pathway targets have influenced doctors’ decisions.
Medical critics of the LCP insist it is impossible to say when a patient will die and as a result the LCP death becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. They say it is a form of euthanasia, used to clear hospital beds and save the NHS money. ---The practice of withdrawing food and fluid by tube is being used on young patients as well as severely disabled newborn babies
The use of end of life care methods on disabled newborn babies was revealed in the doctors’ bible, the British Medical Journal. ---Earlier this month, an un-named doctor wrote of the agony of watching the protracted deaths of babies. The doctor described one case of a baby born with ‘a lengthy list of unexpected congenital anomalies’, whose parents agreed to put it on the pathway.---The doctor wrote: ‘They wish for their child to die quickly once the feeding and fluids are stopped. They wish for pneumonia. They wish for no suffering. They wish for no visible changes to their precious baby. --According to a BMJ article, a doctor had presided over ten such deaths in just one hospital neonatal unit--‘Their wishes, however, are not consistent with my experience. Survival is often much longer than most physicians think; reflecting on my previous patients, the median time from withdrawal of hydration to death was ten days.---‘Parents and care teams are unprepared for the sometimes severe changes that they will witness in the child’s physical appearance as severe dehydration ensues.--The use of end of life care methods on disabled newborn babies was revealed in the doctors' bible, the British Medical Journal--‘I know, as they cannot, the unique horror of witnessing a child become smaller and shrunken, as the only route out of a life that has become excruciating to the patient or to the parents who love their baby.’--According to the BMJ article, the doctor involved had presided over ten such deaths in just one hospital neonatal unit.--In a response to the article, Dr Laura de Rooy, a consultant neonatologist at St George’s Hospital NHS Trust in London writing on the BMJ website, said: ‘It is a huge supposition to think they do not feel hunger or thirst.’ --The LCP for children has been developed in the North West, where the LCP itself was pioneered in the 1990s. It involves the discharge to home or to a hospice of children who are given a document detailing their ‘end of life’ care. --One seen by the Mail, called ‘Liverpool Pathway for the Dying Child’ is issued by the Royal Liverpool Children’s NHS Trust in conjunction with the flagship children’s hospital Alder Hey. It includes tick boxes, filled out by hospital doctors, on medicines, nutrients and fluids to be stopped. -----------The LCP was devised by the Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute in Liverpool for care of dying adult patients more than a decade ago. It has since been developed, with paediatric staff at Alder Hey Hospital, to cover children. Parents have to agree to their child going on the death pathway, often being told by doctors it is in the child’s ‘best interests’ because their survival is ‘futile’.-Bernadette Lloyd, a hospice paediatric nurse, has written to the Cabinet Office and the Department of Health to criticise the use of death pathways for children.-----'‘I have also seen children die in terrible thirst because fluids are withdrawn from them until they die'--------She said: ‘The parents feel coerced, at a very traumatic time, into agreeing that this is correct for their child whom they are told by doctors has only has a few days to live. It is very difficult to predict death. I have seen a “reasonable” number of children recover after being taken off the pathway. -----‘I have also seen children die in terrible thirst because fluids are withdrawn from them until they die.-------‘I witnessed a 14 year-old boy with cancer die with his tongue stuck to the roof of his mouth when doctors refused to give him liquids by tube. His death was agonising for him, and for us nurses to watch. This is euthanasia by the backdoor.’---Alder Hey, pictured, confirmed that children and babies are discharged for LCP end of life care 'after all possible reversible causes for the patient's condition are considered'-Alder Hey confirmed that children and babies are discharged for LCP end of life care ‘after all possible reversible causes for the patient’s condition are considered’.
‘There is a care pathway to enable a dying child to be supported by the local medical and nursing teams in the community, in line with the wishes of the child patients, where appropriate, and always their parents or carers.’ Alder Hey said children were not put on the LCP within the hospital itself. -Teresa Lynch, of protest group Medical Ethics Alliance, said: ‘There are big questions to be answered about how our sick children are dying.’--A Department of Health spokesman said: ‘End of life care for children must meet the highest professional and clinical standards, and the specific needs of children at the end of their life. -'Staff must always communicate with the patient and the patient’s family, and involve them in all aspects of decision making.’---THEY WISH FOR THEIR BABY TO GO QUICKLY. BUT I KNOW, AS THEY CAN'T, THE UNIQUE HORROR OF WATCHING A CHILD SHRINK AND DIE
Here is an abridged version of one doctor's anonymous testimony, published in the BMJ under the heading: 'How it feels to withdraw feeding from newborn babies'.
The voice on the other end of the phone describes a newborn baby and a lengthy list of unexpected congenital anomalies. I have a growing sense of dread as I listen. --The parents want ‘nothing done’ because they feel that these anomalies are not consistent with a basic human experience. I know that once decisions are made, life support will be withdrawn. --Assuming this baby survives, we will be unable to give feed, and the parents will not want us to use artificial means to do so.--Regrettably, my predictions are correct. I realise as I go to meet the parents that this will be the tenth child for whom I have cared after a decision has been made to forgo medically provided feeding. --A doctor has written a testimony published under the heading: 'How it feels to withdraw feeding from newborn babies'---The mother fidgets in her chair, unable to make eye contact. She dabs at angry tears, stricken. In a soft voice the father begins to tell me about their life, their other children, and their dashed hopes for this child. --He speculates that the list of proposed surgeries and treatments are unfair and will leave his baby facing a future too full of uncertainty.---Like other parents in this predicament, they are now plagued with a terrible type of wishful thinking that they could never have imagined. They wish for their child to die quickly once the feeding and fluids are stopped. ---They wish for pneumonia. They wish for no suffering. They wish for no visible changes to their precious baby. ---Their wishes, however, are not consistent with my experience. Survival is often much longer than most physicians think; reflecting on my previous patients, the median time from withdrawal of hydration to death was ten days.--Parents and care teams are unprepared for the sometimes severe changes that they will witness in the child’s physical appearance as severe dehydration ensues. ---I try to make these matters clear from the outset so that these parents do not make a decision that they will come to regret. I try to prepare them for the coming collective agony that we will undoubtedly share, regardless of their certainty about their decision.-I know, as they cannot, the unique horror of witnessing a child become smaller and shrunken, as the only route out of a life that has become excruciating to the patient or to the parents who love their baby.
I reflect on how sanitised this experience seems within the literature about making this decision. As a doctor, I struggle with the emotional burden of accompanying the patient and his or her family through this experience, as much as with the philosophical details of it.----Debate at the front lines of healthcare about the morality of taking this decision has remained heated, regardless of what ethical and legal guidelines have to offer. ---The parents come to feel that the disaster of their situation is intolerable; they can no longer bear witness to the slow demise of their child. This increases the burden on the care-givers, without parents at the bedside to direct their child’s care. --Despite involvement from the clinical ethics and spiritual care services, the vacuum of direction leads to divisions within the care team.--It is draining to be the most responsible physician. Everyone is looking to me to preside over and support this process. --I am honest with the nurse when I say it is getting more and more difficult to make my legs walk me on to this unit as the days elapse, that examining the baby is an indescribable mixture of compassion, revulsion, and pain.----Some say withdrawing medically provided hydration and nutrition is akin to withdrawing any other form of life support. Maybe, but that is not how it feels. The one thing that helps me a little is the realisation that this process is necessarily difficult. It needs to be. ---To acknowledge that a child’s prospects are so dire, so limited, that we will not or cannot provide artificial nutrition is self selecting for the rarity of the situations in which parents and care teams would ever consider it.
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Extended Sleep Reduces Pain Sensitivity
ScienceDaily (Dec. 1, 2012) — A new study suggests that extending nightly sleep in mildly sleepy, healthy adults increases daytime alertness and reduces pain sensitivity.-"Our results suggest the importance of adequate sleep in various chronic pain conditions or in preparation for elective surgical procedures," said Timothy Roehrs, PhD, the study's principal investigator and lead author. "We were surprised by the magnitude of the reduction in pain sensitivity, when compared to the reduction produced by taking codeine."---The study, appearing in the December issue of the journal SLEEP, involved 18 healthy, pain-free, sleepy volunteers. They were randomly assigned to four nights of either maintaining their habitual sleep time or extending their sleep time by spending 10 hours in bed per night. Objective daytime sleepiness was measured using the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), and pain sensitivity was assessed using a radiant heat stimulus.--Results show that the extended sleep group slept 1.8 hours more per night than the habitual sleep group. This nightly increase in sleep time during the four experimental nights was correlated with increased daytime alertness, which was associated with less pain sensitivity.--In the extended sleep group, the length of time before participants removed their finger from a radiant heat source increased by 25 percent, reflecting a reduction in pain sensitivity. The authors report that the magnitude of this increase in finger withdrawal latency is greater than the effect found in a previous study of 60 mg of codeine.---According to the authors, this is the first study to show that extended sleep in mildly, chronically sleep deprived volunteers reduces their pain sensitivity. The results, combined with data from previous research, suggest that increased pain sensitivity in sleepy individuals is the result of their underlying sleepiness.---Story Source--The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Academy of Sleep Medicine, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS. --Journal Reference--Timothy Roehrs et al. Pain Sensitivity and Recovery From Mild Chronic Sleep Loss. Sleep, 2012 (in press)
Recipe for Sleep—a combination if aminos and Vitamin B3 in a form of niacinamide or niacin can help as well as a combination of inositol and aminos---Niacianmide 500mgs + tryptophan 500mgs---niacin 50mgs + tryptophan 500 mgs---inositol 500mgs + glycine 500mgs or gaba 500mgs + niacinamide 500mgs—using melatonin 3-10 mgs with niacin 50 mgs or niacinamide 250-500mgs—Utilizing Magnesium 100-200mgs + a tea of chamomile or lavender will relax and increase restful sleep---passionflower, motherwort---Consuming Cocoa + vanilla will as well assist in sleep and rest---GHB if you can access is a very effective deep sleep inducer------ iodine usage can re balance the brain as well and assist in sleep as well as restoration
A lot of the rest and sleep issues as well can be as a result of things of diets high in stimulants and or a lack of specific nutrients in the system that are required to convert or stimulate enzyme reactions in the body to allow for the right chemistry to be enacted---for the wake sleep cycle
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Vitamin D Required equivalency of Sun Exposure
For adults, the 5-μg (200 IU) vitamin D recommended dietary allowance may prevent osteomalacia[U7] in the absence of sunlight, but more is needed to help prevent osteoporosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Other benefits of vitamin D supplementation are implicated epidemiologically: prevention of some cancers, osteoarthritis progression, multiple sclerosis, and hypertension. Total-body sun exposure easily provides the equivalent of 250 μg (10000 IU) vitamin D/d, suggesting that this is a physiologic limit. Sailors in US submarines are deprived of environmentally acquired vitamin D equivalent to 20–50 μg (800–2000 IU)/d. The assembled data from many vitamin D supplementation studies reveal a curve for vitamin D dose versus serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] response that is surprisingly flat up to 250 μg (10000 IU) vitamin D/d. To ensure that serum 25(OH)D concentrations exceed 100 nmol/L, a total vitamin D supply of 100 μg (4000 IU)/d is required. Except in those with conditions causing hypersensitivity, there is no evidence of adverse effects with serum 25(OH)D concentrations <140 nmol/L, which require a total vitamin D supply of 250 μg (10000 IU)/d to attain. Published cases of vitamin D toxicity with hypercalcemia, for which the 25(OH)D concentration and vitamin D dose are known, all involve intake of ≥1000 μg (40000 IU)/d. Because vitamin D is potentially toxic, intake of >25 μg (1000 IU)/d has been avoided even though the weight of evidence shows that the currently accepted, no observed adverse effect limit of 50 μg (2000 IU)/d is too low by at least 5-fold.
5 μg= 200IU
25 μg=1000 IU
250 μg=10,000IU
[U1]This is what is known as an endocrine disruptor ---this is screwing not only with woman but men as well---this will totally cause all kind of nuances and imbalances in both genders from hear failure to brain cancers and causing a disarray of endocrine development from puberty to basic functions and cycles of both male and female of all species
[U2]Again a validation of the need to avoid all grains---the one study showed that the GMO or GE at 36,000 x’s showed fungi contamination and this transfers into the growth of the grains and most crops since we have adulteration of the genes going from one species to another
[U3]Sounds like a conceived planning here to plant something with that much fungi---would cause purposeful debilitation
[U4]And this is why you have the intestinal destruction most are suffering from such as candida—fungal over growth IBS-Crohns-Leaky Gut-Diverticulosis-Ulcerative Colitis-Gastroenteritis-Coeliac Disease-Coilitis—and so onthis would cause any one of these conditions and it would as well appear to display a different stage of destruction as a result of these grains
[U5]And where have you heard this before
[U6]This is called poisoning the staff of life---this is what has transpired and as a result of this we have the health conditions we feel today
[U7]Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization secondary to inadequate amounts of available phosphorus and calcium, or because of overactive resorption of calcium from the bone as a result of hyperparathyroidism (which causes hypercalcemia, in contrast to other aetiologies)
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Show of the Month December 10 2012
Judge—Case of Seized Newborn May Now Proceed
Marine Chained to bed In Mexico
Alzheimers mercury connection and Detoxification
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Juniper Berries may stimulate the Appetite (according to anecdotal reports).
Excretory System---Juniper may promote the excretion of Urine from the body (i.e. it may function as a diuretic) (due to Terpineol which increases the glomerular filtration rate of the Kidneys).
Musculoskeletal System------Juniper Berries reputedly alleviate Rheumatoid Arthritis (according to folklore).
Juniper may eliminate excess Uric Acid from the body (according to folklore)
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Juniper Bark---extract ( tea or alcohol) –was used to treat syphyllis as a astringent and internal as a tea or extract
The Juniper Berries –are a cleanser of the organs especially liver and spleen-and clean thoroughly the kidneys—will unblock urinary blockages in the urinary tract as well
Juniper berries –was used for a condition called dropsy—where the organs would droop—it may effect the organs in such away where it cleanses and removes the bulk within those organs that sag
Juniper berry—when burned will fumigate a room where ailments have been
Juniper Bark- was used as an antiseptic—what would be done –was to cut of a 4 squared inch off the tree bark and to boil it to the outer bark separated and then what was done the inner bark was then pulverized and then placed on a wound to heal
Juniper berry – was used as a cold remedy by chewing on the berries and swallowing the juice
Juniper berry—will assist in sweating and gas to alleviate the gassy intestines---was used as well for uterine obstructions
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Judge—Case of Seized Newborn May Now Proceed
When Jodi Ferris arrived at Hershey Medical Center after giving birth in an ambulance, the last thing she and her husband, Scott, expected was to lose custody of their newborn daughter, forcing them to spend the first night of their daughter’s life sleeping in their car in the parking lot across the street.---But that is exactly what happened after Jodi—like any concerned mom—apparently asked hospital staff too many questions about the care her baby daughter was receiving.--In March we told you about the civil rights case HSLDA filed against the Pennsylvania social worker and Hershey Medical Center staff who seized “Annie” shortly after she was born.---Several months later, in July, the social worker and the medical defendants both asked the federal district court judge to dismiss the lawsuit. If these motions had been granted, the case would have ended.--Now, we’re pleased to report a major victory in this case. Last week the judge denied both motions to dismiss, allowing the Ferrises’ case to proceed.
Case Recap----Scott and Jodi had planned on having a home birth, but when Jodi’s labor progressed too quickly for the midwife to arrive, they called an ambulance. Annie was born on the way to the hospital.--At the hospital, Jodi was met with a flurry of activity. Some of it was what you would expect after delivering a baby in an ambulance. As any concerned mom would do, Jodi asked about the condition of her child and the care she was receiving.---Jodi received conflicting answers, ranging from a statement that Annie was doing fine to one that she would need stay in the hospital for three days. [U1] This understandably caused Jodi more concern and prompted her to ask her questions with more urgency.---Not too long after Jodi and Annie arrived, it appeared that the medical staff had had enough of Jodi questioning what they were doing. A government social worker, Angela Lopez-Heagy, entered Jodi’s room and announced that she was there to conduct an investigation of allegations the nature of which she refused to divulge[U2] .----When Jodi told Lopez-Heagy that she wasn’t comfortable answering questions without knowing what the allegations were, the social worker told her that if Jodi wasn’t willing to cooperate she would call a police officer to take custody of Annie.----The social worker grilled Jodi about why she had refused to allow the hospital to give Annie the hepatitis B vaccine, and asked other questions about Annie’s care that HSLDA believes fall within routine parental decision making.---From time to time, the social worker would leave the room to confer with hospital staff. A nurse physically blocked the door to prevent Jodi from also leaving.[U3] --Eventually the social worker told Jodi that she would need to agree to a “safety plan.” When Jodi asked to see the plan, Lopez-Heagy told her it wasn’t written down yet, but if she did not consent to the safety plan and agree to “whatever the hospital wanted,” she would lose custody of her newborn child[U4] .--Meanwhile, Scott had left to bring the Ferrises’ other children to a friends’ home. Jodi told the social worker that she was not comfortable signing a safety plan before Scott returned.
Lopez-Heagy responded that she was not waiting any longer. If Scott returned by the time the safety plan was prepared, she said, he could review it. Otherwise, if Jodi didn’t sign the safety plan, “I’m calling the police and having them take custody of the baby.”
That is exactly what happened. Jodi was directed by a uniformed police officer to hand her newborn daughter over to a nurse. Although she begged to be allowed to sign the safety plan even though Scott hadn’t returned, she was told, “That window has closed.”
Jodi was then escorted off the hospital premises. On the way out she met Scott, who was just returning from dropping off the other children.---Jodi was allowed to return every three hours to nurse the baby, but she could not remain in the hospital. She and Scott slept in their car in the parking lot across the street.--The next morning, a juvenile-court judge returned Annie to Scott and Jodi. Two weeks later he dismissed the case against them.
Why HSLDA Took This Case
You may be asking yourself what the Ferris case has to do with homeschooling.
Our hard-won homeschooling freedoms depend on parental rights. HSLDA is concerned that those rights are being eroded in many areas of our law and culture. Anytime and anywhere that parental rights are diminished, it ultimately affects homeschooling.
One of the scenarios our lawyers hear about over and over again is similar to Scott and Jodi’s.--A homeschooling mom takes a child to the emergency room after an injury on the soccer field. The admitting nurse asks mom about immunizations and asks the child probing questions about guns in the home and whether the child feels safe with mom and dad.--The homeschool mama-bear instincts kick in and she objects.
All too often, this innocent act of simply questioning medical personnel in a hospital results in a visit from a social worker to “encourage cooperation[U5] .”
Hospitals and doctor’s offices should not be hostile environments. And asking doctors questions about the need for various treatments is not abuse or neglect.
Yet, there appears to be a growing trend among doctors and nurses, especially in hospitals, to quickly summon social workers to coerce cooperation with their questions, tests, or recommendations—not to investigate suspected abuse or neglect.
Some of those who read this will be surprised or even offended that we are suing doctors and nurses. We are certainly grateful for the expertise and skill that medical personnel employ to heal us and we are not intending to indict the entire profession.
But many reading this will identify with Scott and Jodi. I know this because I have received dozens of emails from those folks.--One of the most important principles HSLDA is hoping to establish in this case is that hospital staff who collaborate with government social workers in situations like Scott and Jodi’s can be held liable for violating federal constitutional rights to the same extent as a government agent can be.
A favorable outcome in the Ferris case would act as a deterrent to this type of conduct by healthcare workers in the future.
The Decision
When the medical defendants at Hershey Medical Center moved to dismiss our amended complaint, they argued that because they are not state employees, they should not be held liable for violations of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments.
In rejecting their argument, the judge held that “[t]he Amended Complaint thus establishes that the H[ershey] M[edical] C[enter] defendants knowingly set into motion and participated in a chain of events intending that a constitutional violation, namely the improper removal of [Annie] from her parents’ custody, would occur.” You may read the full decision here.--The judge’s decision allows HSLDA to proceed to the next phase of the case. Now we will be able to depose all of the defendants and gain access to their notes, records, and policies in preparation for trial.--We will also be engaging experts to testify that Annie faced no immediate threat to her health or safety that would justify what the defendants did here.
We Need Your Help
The homeschooling movement has grown and prospered over the past three decades. At the same time, however, parental rights in other areas of life are being nibbled away almost imperceptibly. -We don’t want to be like the proverbial frog that doesn’t feel the water heating up until it’s too late!--If we are going to stop this trend, we will need more people like Scott and Jodi who are willing to take a stand. And we will need to stand together with them in defense of parental rights as faithfully as we have for homeschooling freedom.--If you are reading this and are not a member of HSLDA, won’t you consider joining today? Your membership dues will help support all the work we do to defend and expand homeschooling freedom and parental rights. And by becoming a member, you will be standing for freedom with tens of thousands of other families. If you are already a member or would like to help more, please consider making a tax-deductible gift to the Homeschool Freedom Fund. Your generous gift will make it possible for us to pursue this case and others like it to establish precedents that will help protect all of us.---HSLDA is currently considering two new complicated cases involving homeschooled children who were seized by hospitals and a third involving an infant. And we will also be pursuing two other cases involving unconstitutional entry into the home, similar to the Loudermilk case, which is now on appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.---Please pray that we would have wisdom and discernment and that the cases would protect and expand liberty. We thank you for your support.---Sincerely, James R. Mason, III HSLDA Director of Litigation
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Marine Chained to bed In Mexico
I spoke with Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen's office and asked how we can help this Marine. In a story reported by McClatchy News, a drug cartel in the prison supposedly asked for $1800 for the release of John and it was reported John asked his family to please pay it. I asked if the family needed help raising that money and I was told by Ros-Lehtinen's office that the family has reached out to their office and they are working with our Ambassador for John's release. I asked how we can help John and I was told the best way to help John is sign this Petition, ask others to do the same and call your Congressmen and Senators.
Please help this Marine and sign the Petition, forward and call your Congressmen and Senators!!! Let's help bring this Marine home where he belongs. Also, I say we ring that phone up at the White House of which I did: -White House Switchboard: 202-456-1414, they referred me to the State Dept. Called the State Dept (202-647-4000) was told by the operator that she is sure we are doing something to help this Marine, transferred me to Public Affairs, had to leave a message with Ashley. --Waiting to hear back. Please sign this petition and make calls and please pray for John and his family. This President was just partying it up with Troop hater Psy while one of our Marines is chained to a bed. This is disgraceful!!!
Thank you
Beverly Perlson
The Band of Mothers
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Kenya bans GMOs
Thursday 22 November 2012The Kenyan government has banned imports of genetically modified organisms over health fears. On Wednesday, Health Minister Beth Mugo announced a ban on foods containing GM ingredients, effective immediately, pending tests on the health effects of the foods.
Ms Mugo said health officials would ensure GM foods are removed from sale while tests are ongoing. She said, “My ministry wishes to clarify the decision was based on genuine concerns that adequate research had not been done on GMOs and scientific evidence provided to prove the safety of these foods.”
The health minister added, “Where there is apprehension and uncertainty regarding the safety of food products, precaution to protect the health of the people must be undertaken.”
A French study released in September linked consumption of GM maize to development of cancer in rats. However, since the study’s release, its reliability has been the subject of much debate. Although many scientists have criticised the study, released by researchers at the University of Caen, the Soil Association’s head of policy Peter Melchett said the team used the same methods regulators require in their licensing processes.
Research organisations in the EU have called for more transparent testing of GM crops, in order to establish once and for all whether adverse environmental and health effects can arise from using the crops.
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Alzheimers mercury connection and Detoxification
Alzheimer's Disease Studies Many on-going studies have linked many aspects of amalgam mercury to brain tissue damage found in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Abstracts from these on-going studies are presented below. IV a) Trace Elements in Alzheimer's Disease Brains Wenstrup, D., Ehmann, W.D., and Markesbery W.R., "Trace Element Imbalances in Isolated Subcellular Fractions of Alzheimer's Disease Brains" Brain Research, 533 125-131 Elsevier Science Publishers (1990). ABSTRACT: Concentrations of 13 trace elements (Ag, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hg, K, Na, Rb, Sc, Se, Zn[U6] ) in isolated subcellular fractions (whole brain, nuclei, mitochondria, microsomes) of temporal lobe from autopsied Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and normal controls were determined utilizing instrumental neutron activation analysis. Comparison of AD and controls revealed elevated Br (whole brain) and Hg (microsomes) and diminished Rb (whole brain, nuclear and microsomes), Se (microsomes) and Zn (nuclear) in AD. The elevated Br and Hg and diminished Rb are consistent with our previous studies in AD bulk brain specimens. Comparison of element ratios revealed increased Hg/Se, Hg/Zn and Zn/Se mass ratios in AD. Se and Zn play a protective role against Hg toxicity and our data suggest that they are utilized to detoxify Hg in the AD brain[U7]
[U1]This is a prime case of the lef hand not knowing what the right hand is doing
[U2]So much for full disclosure and a gov’t by the people and for the people….maks you wonder what people---aliens—demons –fallen angles---makes you wonder eh what people or pesons Gov’t actually represents and who’s side they are on---One thing this is going to do is unite people and when this does there will be a reckoning---
[U3]This would have been a justifiable reason to knock some one on there backside --this nurse should have bee n fired
[U4]Will someone give this person head a shake!!! Who is going to agree to anything with out some legal representation ---this is obviously a bullying and fear tactic to get you to surrender your rights to your offspring to the state---so again if this should occur tell them you are going to call your lawyer in on the seen and let them megotiate this meanwhile there is no grounds for this abduction and will confer with legal representation---if there is nothing they have then they will have to let you walk---but be aware the judge here was a rarety
[U5]Now you have to ask yourself why is this being done---why the questions when ask that is really required is medical assistance---should make you stand up and go O or a bell should be ringing
[U7]Special note—iodine does as well
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Show of the Month December 14 2012
D-limonene rich volatile oil from blood oranges inhibits angiogenesis -- metastasis and cell death in human colon cancer cells
Age Not Factor in Immunity to Viruses, Researchers Find
Cancer-- Exercise Reduces Tiredness
Easy, At-Home Exercise Program Can Help Cancer Patients
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Life Sci. 2012 Oct 5;91(11-12):429-39---Authors: Chidambara Murthy KN, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS---Abstract--AIMS: To identify the chemical constituents of volatile oil from blood orange (Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck) and understand the possible mechanisms of inhibition of colon cancer cell proliferation.
MAIN METHODS: Volatile oil was obtained from blood oranges by hydro-distillation. Nineteen compounds were identified by GC-MS and d-limonene was found to be the major component. The blood orange volatile oil was formulated into an emulsion (BVOE) and examined for its effects on viability of colon cancer cells. In addition, experiments were performed to understand the possible mechanism of proliferation inhibition, angiogenesis and metasasis by BVOE.
KEY FINDINGS: BVOE exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in the colon cancer cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry. Immunoblotting of colon cancer cells treated with BVOE shows dose-dependent induction of Bax/Bcl2) and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, treatment of serum starved SW480 and HT-29 cells with 100μg/ml BVOE suggested the inhibition of VEGF and markers associated with inhibition of angiogenesis. The antiangiogenic activity of BVOE was also confirmed by inhibition of in vitro tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Dose-dependent anti-metastasis activity and blockage of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) binding following treatment with BVOE were confirmed by cell migration assays and immunoblots to detect decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9).
SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study provide persuasive evidence of the apoptotic and anti-angiogenesis potential of BVOE in colon cancer cells. The extent of induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis suggest that BVOE may offer great potential for prevention of cancer and may be appropriate for further studies.PMID: 22935404 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[Artemisia absinthium L. in complex treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease].
Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2012;91(4):22-4--Authors: Krechina EK, Belorukov VV
Abstract
The effectiveness of Artemisia absinthium L. in complex treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease was assessed in the study by ELIZA evaluation of PGE2 in mixed saliva. Microcirculation in periodontal tissues was also assessed by means of laser Doppler flowmetry. It was found out that complex treatment involving Artemisia absinthium L. improves microcirculation in periodontal tissues and reduces inflammation.---PMID: 23011328 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Recipe---Make a rince of this by boiling wormwood for about 10 minutes—allow to cool and then mix with vodka 50/50 and then use as a rince—or gargle
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Age Not Factor in Immunity to Viruses, Researchers Find
Dec. 13, 2012 — Our immune system does not shut down with age, says a new study led by McMaster University researchers.---A study published in PLOS Pathogens today shows a specialized class of immune cells, known as T cells, can respond to virus infections in an older person with the same vigour as T cells from a young person.---"For a long time, it was thought the elderly were at a higher risk of infections because they lacked these immune cells, but that simply isn't the case," said Jonathan Bramson, the study's principal investigator. "The elderly are certainly capable of developing immunity to viruses."--Researchers at McMaster, University of Toronto and the University of Pennsylvania examined individuals, younger than 40, between 41 to 59 years of age and older than 60, infected with three different viruses, including West Nile, and found the older group demonstrated perfectly normal immune responses.---Both the number of virus-fighting T cells and the functionality of the T cells were equivalent in all three groups.---"So as we age, our bodies are still able to respond to new viruses, while keeping us immune to viruses we've been exposed to in the past," Bramson said.---He added that these results have important implications for vaccination of elderly individuals.---Currently, vaccines for the elderly aren't designed to elicit responses from these immune cells, and this might explain the lack of effective protection from the flu vaccine, he said.---Vaccines specifically designed to generate T-cell immunity may be more effective at protecting older adults, Bramson said.--The research was funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and the U.S. National Institutes of Health. PLOS Pathogens is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal of the Public Library of Science.---Story Source-The above story is reprinted from materials provided by McMaster University, via Newswise. Journal Reference--Alina Lelic, Chris P. Verschoor, Mario Ventresca, Robin Parsons, Carole Evelegh, Dawn Bowdish, Michael R. Betts, Mark B. Loeb, Jonathan L. Bramson. The Polyfunctionality of Human Memory CD8+ T Cells Elicited by Acute and Chronic Virus Infections Is Not Influenced by Age. PLoS Pathogens, 2012; 8 (12): e1003076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003076
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Cancer-- Exercise Reduces Tiredness
Nov. 13, 2012 — Aerobic exercise can help relieve the fatigue often associated with cancer and cancer treatment, according to Cochrane researchers. Their updated systematic review strengthens findings from an earlier version on cancer-related fatigue published in The Cochrane Library.--Fatigue is a common and potentially long-lasting side-effect of cancer and cancer treatment. It may last for months or years. Dealing with cancer-related fatigue is crucial because those who suffer its effects may be less inclined to continue with treatment. Although in the past, people with cancer-related fatigue have been advised to rest, long periods of inactivity may lead to muscle wasting and increased tiredness, whereas balancing rest with physical activity may help to reduce fatigue. A 2008 Cochrane systematic review on the benefits of exercise found some benefits of physical activity for fatigue in cancer based on limited studies.---The new review adds a further 28 studies to those included in the 2008 review. Altogether, 56 studies involving a total of 4,068 people with cancer were included. Half of the studies were carried out in people with breast cancer. Those with solid tumours benefited from aerobic exercise, such as walking or cycling, both during and after cancer treatment. Other forms of exercise, including resistance training, did not significantly reduce fatigue.---"The evidence suggests that exercise may help reduce cancer-related fatigue and should therefore be considered as one component of a strategy for managing fatigue that may include a range of other interventions and education," said lead researcher Fiona Cramp of the Faculty of Health & Life Sciences at the University of the West of England in Bristol, UK. "This updated review provides a more precise conclusion, showing specifically that aerobic exercise, both during and after cancer treatment, can be beneficial."---It remains to be seen how cancer treatment alters the beneficial effects of exercise on cancer-related fatigue. Further research is also needed to understand how the frequency and duration of exercise, and type of cancer, affect the results. "Twenty eight of the studies we included were carried out in breast cancer patients, so we need to know more about how exercise can help people with a broad range of diagnoses, including patients with advanced disease," said Cramp.--The research was funded by the UK's National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) --Story Source--The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Wiley. ---Journal Reference--Fiona Cramp, James Byron-Daniel. Exercise for the management of cancer-related fatigue in adults. The Cochrane Library, 2012; DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006145.pub3
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Easy, At-Home Exercise Program Can Help Cancer Patients
Dec. 13, 2012 — It has been known for some time that exercise is important for cancer patients, but few studies have looked at the practicality of exercise programs and whether even a minimal workout can help. Exercise can reduce cancer-related fatigue, improve sleep, boost a sense of wellness, and reduce the recurrence of certain types of tumors. A Mayo Clinic study published in the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management found that a brief, at-home exercise program -- dubbed the Rapid, Easy, Strength Training program, or REST, -- was sufficient to increase cancer patients' mobility and reduce fatigue.---"We talk a lot about how important it is for cancer patients to exercise, but until now, nobody has questioned whether less may be more for patients negotiating the demands of cancer treatment," says lead author Andrea Cheville, M.D., of the Mayo Clinic Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. "This was the first trial to investigate what's feasible and helpful for patients with limited time and energy."--An interdisciplinary team of Mayo Clinic researchers developed an at-home exercise regimen, involving a pedometer-based walking program and a series of gentle resistance movements -- lifts and curls using a resistance band -- that can be done standing or seated. The workout takes only a few minutes a day, with minimal cost to patients.---In a randomized, controlled study of 66 adults with stage IV lung or colorectal cancer, researchers found that patients who exercised at least four times a week for two months showed improved mobility, had less fatigue and slept better when compared with those who didn't exercise. Though other measures such as pain were unaffected, the study suggests that the exercises can address several important disabling effects of disease and that even patients with late-stage cancer are able to perform the brief regimens.---The exercise program and study have significant implications for cancer care, Dr. Cheville says. Other studies have suggested that cancer-related exercise programs may impose financial burdens; patients can learn the REST regimen in a single physical therapy session. A muscle-building exercise regimen may help patients at all stages of cancer treatment.--"Muscles may atrophy during cancer care," Dr. Cheville adds. "Our regimen preserves muscle mass so that if patients develop complications from cancer or treatment, or require hospitalization, they have the reserves necessary to ensure that their bodies heal."--The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health; grant number KL2 RR024151-01. Other authors include Jenny Kollasch, Justin Vandenberg, Tiffany Shen, Axel Grothey, M.D., and Jeffrey Basford, M.D., Ph.D., all of Mayo Clinic, and Gail Gamble, M.D., of the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago.--Story Source--The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Mayo Clinic.
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Show of the Month December 17 2012
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Laurus nobilis
Sesquiterpenes from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L
The antitumoral effect of the American mistletoe Phoradendron serotinum
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Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) leaves and seeds essential oils against K562 human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells.
Nat Prod Res. 2012;26(18):1741-5
Authors: Saab AM, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Lampronti I, Borgatti M, Gambari R, Menichini F, Esseily F, Menichini F
Abstract--The antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of the essential oils from Laurus nobilis leaves and seeds in relation to their composition were analysed. The most abundant components of the leaf essential oil were 1,8-cineole, 1-p-menthen-8-ethyl acetate, linalool and sabinene, while the seed oil was characterised by β-ocimene, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and β-pinene as main constituents. Both seed and leaf essential oils exhibited a scavenging effect on the DPPH radical, with IC₅₀ values of 66.1 and 53.5 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. The leaf essential oil- showed the strongest antioxidant activity in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, with an IC₅₀ value of 35.6 µg mL⁻¹ after 30 min of incubation. Both leaf and seed oils inhibited proliferation of the K562 tumour cell line with IC₅₀ values of 95 and 75 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. The L. nobilis leaf oil showed a percentage of erythroide differentiation of 15% at a concentration of 10 µg mL⁻¹. A value of 12% was found for the seed essential oil at a concentration of 50 µg mL⁻¹. When the oils were added to a suboptimal concentration of the commercial drug, cytosine arabinoside, a clear synergic effect was observed.--PMID: 22017546 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Sesquiterpenes from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L.
Julianti E, Jang KH, Lee S, Lee D, Mar W, Oh KB, Shin J.
Source
Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Gwanak, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
Abstract--Ten sesquiterpenes, together with 12 known compounds were isolated from leaves of Laurus nobilis L. Based on spectroscopic analyses, the 10 compounds were determined to be eudesmane lactones and their corresponding methyl esters. Most of these compounds exhibited moderate-to-significant cytotoxicity towards K562 leukemia cells. One compound had a higher cytotoxicity than doxorubicin, while other compounds had moderate to no activity.
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Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Turkey.
Abstract--Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a colorless, flammable, liquefied pesticide that is commonly used to control insects, nematodes, weeds, and pathogens in crops, forests, ornamental nurseries, and wood products. Early investigations of AlP-poisoned mammalian cells led to the proposed involvement of oxidative damage in its toxicity mechanism. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Laurus nobilis (L) leaf extract (LNE) against AlP-induced genetic and oxidative damages in rats. Selected animals were assigned to four groups (n = 6), namely, group A: control (only distilled water is injected); group B: AlP (4 mg kg(-1) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.)); group C: LNE (200 mg kg(-1) injected i.p.), and group D: AlP plus LNE, respectively. The experimental period lasted for 14 successive days. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronucleus (MN) assay were used for monitoring genotoxic damage. In addition, biochemical parameters such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) were examined in serum samples to determine oxidative damage. Our results indicated that AlP caused increase in CA and MN assay rates and alterations in TAC and TOS levels when compared with control group. On the contrary, LNE did not change the rates of both the analyzed cytogenetic end points and led to increase in TAC level. Moreover, we observed that LNE suppressed the genetic damage by AlP to bone marrow cells in vivo. Interestingly AlP-induced oxidative stress was also strongly reduced by LNE. The results of the present study indicated that the protective effect of LNE might be ascribable to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties
In vivo (Latin for "within the living")
TAC---Total Antioxidant Capacity
Here is another means to protect against chemtrail fallout of aluminum –by either making teas with this –adding to broths---or extracting with water-alcohol or vinegar
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The antitumoral effect of the American mistletoe Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M.C. Johnst. (Viscaceae) is associated with the release of immunity-related cytokines.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Aug 1;142(3):857-64---Authors: Alonso-Castro AJ, Juárez-Vázquez Mdel C, Domínguez F, González-Sánchez I, Estrada-Castillón E, López-Toledo G, Chávez M, Cerbón MA, García-Carranca A
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Phoradendron serotinum is commonly used in Mexican traditional medicine for the empirical treatment of cancer. However, there are no studies regarding the antitumoral or immunomodulatory activities of Phoradendron serotinum.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vivo toxicity of ethanolic extracts of Phoradendron serotinum (PSE) was evaluated in mice according to the Lorke procedure. The in vitro immunomodulatory effects of PSE were evaluated estimating the effects of PSE on the pinocytosis, NO production and lysosomal enzyme activity in murine macrophages RAW 264.7. The effects of PSE on the proliferation of murine splenocytes and NK cell activity were also assayed. The cytotoxic effects on TC-1 (lung murine cancer cells) were evaluated using the MTT assay, whereas the apoptotic effect of PSE on TC-1 cells was evaluated using TUNEL assay. Also, different doses of PSE were injected intraperitoneally daily into C57BL/6 mice bearing tumors of TC-1 cells during 25 days. The growth and weight of tumors was measured. In addition, the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and IFN-γ in murine serum and supernatants of K562 cell-murine splenocyte cocultures were measured.
RESULTS: PSE stimulated the proliferation, pinocytosis and lysosomal enzyme activity in murine macrophages with a similar potency than lypopolisaccharides 1 μg/ml. In addition, PSE stimulated the proliferation of murine splenocytes and induced the NK cell activity. PSE showed cytotoxic (IC(50)=1.9 μg/ml) and apoptotic effects against TC-1 cells. The LD(50) was 125 mg/kg by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) and 375 mg/kg by oral route. PSE administrated at 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg i.p. inhibited the tumor growth by 18%, 40% and 69%, respectively, in mice bearing TC-1 tumor. PSE increased the in vitro and in vivo release of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ but lacked effect on IL-12 and IL-23 release.
CONCLUSIONS: Phoradendron serotinum shows moderate toxic effects in vivo, exerts cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on TC-1 cells. Phoradendron serotinum also has antitumor effects in mice bearing TC-1 tumor and induces immunomodulatory activities in vivo. The results suggest that antitumoral effects of PSE are related with the production of immunity-related cytokines.----PMID: 22732726 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]☞Making mistletoe tea can assist in the reduction of tumours and have an anti cancer effect--- in any usage in dealing with tumours the use of high profile enzymes or highly equipped foods that are high in enzymes will also assist in removing what is broken down and the renewing of the blood with tonics and foods as well☜
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Michael Schmidt Takes Solace from Resistance of Another German, Sees His Own Case "Going in the Right Direction"; New U.S. Intrusion Mechanism
The legal situation confronting Michael Schmidt could hardly look more ominous.----He faces four counts of conspiracy, in connection with the disappearance last April of 31 rare Shropshire sheep suspected by Canadian health authorities of harboring scrapies disease. Conviction could mean a lengthy jail term of up to 14 years, he has been told. Three other farmers charged in the alleged plot to move the sheep and save them from mandated slaughter by the Canadian Food Information Agency (CFIA) are Montana Jones, Suzanne Atkinson, and Robert Pinnell.---Schmidt has been forced to surrender his passport in connection with the charges--a not insignificant penalty for a man who has over the last few years become the spiritual leader of North America's budding food rights movement, and been in ever-greater demand as a speaker around the U.S. and Canada.---He was arraigned last week, to have mug shots taken and be fingerprinted, and it's unclear when his trial will be held.---
While Schmidt has faced much legal travail since his Glencolton Farm in Ontario was first raided in 1993 for selling raw milk--his conviction in 2011 of violating provincial dairy laws has been accepted for appeal by Ontario's highest court--this current legal challenge is potentially the most serious the native of Germany has encountered.---
Yet in the face of it all, he is not only at peace, but optimistic about the outcome. "It's going in the right direction," he told me earlier this week.---He has excellent legal representation, he feels. And when the case goes to trial, he is convinced, "it will open people's eyes" to the real issues at stake--the state's determination to control his nation's food supply and, in the process, destroy crop and animal diversity and the small farms committed to providing good food. Last April, after the sheep disappeared from Montana Jones' Ontario farm in advance of their intended slaughter under CFIA orders, Schmidt stated last spring, "The actions of the CFIA remind me of the history of my native Germany, where genetic cleansing became a tragic and horrible national policy."----The connections to Germany's history continue to reverberate for Schmidt in the Canadian government's new legal offensive against him and the other farmers. He says he has taken much solace from a documentary film, "The Top Secret Trial of the Third Reich", which contains film of the 1944 trial of German officers who failed in a planned assassination attempt of Adolph Hitler. ---One of the defendants in that case was Adam von Trott, who was a close friend of the Schmidt family in Germany during World War II. "I knew of him from my grandmother," says Schmidt. The outcome of the case against von Trott was pre-ordained, and together with other conspirators, he was hanged in August 1944.---
The Nazis circulated film of the trial, intending to scare the populace and stimulate loyalty to Hitler, but when the Nazis learned it instead encouraged sympathy for the would-be assassins, the government ordered all copies destroyed. One copy survived, though, and it became the basis of the documentary Schmidt has been studying.---He finds it ironic that both the plotters against Hitler and the farmers in the Canadian sheep case were charged with conspiracy. In his case, he takes heart from conspiracy charges. "When they cannot convict you of anything, they throw up conspiracy charges." He says that in his case, the authorities won't find a conspiracy, "because there wasn't any."---Schmidt identifies with von Trott, who was "a humble man" willing to die to rid the world of Hitler and his "genetic cleansing" madness.--To some, it may seem a wild leap to compare the Nazis' genocide with what is happening in Canada and the U.S. But to Schmidt, the similarities are uncanny. Today's rulers in Canada and the U.S. seek the same kind of control via intimidation as the Nazis, to satisfy corporate benefactors. Because mass murder can't be tolerated today, our rulers must be more sophisticated, more gradual, in their consolidation of control. As it moves along its inevitable path, he predicts, the consolidation will become ever more ruthless, and the political targets, like Schmidt, more numerous. ---Schmidt also sees the case against him over the sheep as a statement by his government that dialog about such matters as control of the food supply is out. "Why is there no dialog? Why do you have to have blood on your hands before you meet?" The ultimate irony, he says, is that "those who order the killings go after the people who try to prevent the killings" of the sheep.---Schmidt expects to mount a serious defense, and also expects to be raising funds to pay for his legal defense. More to come on that matter. ---The latest legal offensive against Michael Schmidt must be seen in a larger context of expanding government control intrusion into our lives, with the goal of rooting out those considered to be politically dangerous. (The U.S. and Canada, in this context, are one and the same.) The latest salvo is detailed on the front page of today's Wall Street Journal. The Obama administration, reports the WSJ via government documents it obtained, has just implemented rules that "now allow the little-known National Counterterrorism Center to examine the government files of U.S. citizens for possible criminal behavior, even if there is no reason to suspect them. That is a departure from past practice, which barred the agency from storing information about ordinary Americans unless a person was a terror suspect or related to an investigation.---"Now, NCTC can copy entire government databases—flight records, casino-employee lists, the names of Americans hosting foreign-exchange students and many others. The agency has new authority to keep data about innocent U.S. citizens for up to five years, and to analyze it for suspicious patterns of behavior. Previously, both were prohibited."~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Show of the Month December 21 2012
Flavonoid intake and bone health.
Human & Synthetic Hormones Now Contaminate Fresh Produce
Postmenopausal bleeding and dietary supplements- a possible causal relationship with hop- and soy-containing preparations
Countering Brain Chemical Could Prevent Suicides, Research Suggests
Age-Associated Changes In Oxidative Stress and NAD(+) Metabolism In Human Tissue.
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Flavonoid intake and bone health.
J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;31(3):239-53-Authors: Weaver CM, Alekel DL, Ward WE, Ronis MJ
Abstract
Flavonoids, found in a wide diversity of plant foods from fruits and vegetables, herbs and spices, essential oils, and beverages, have the most potential of dietary components for promotion of bone health beyond calcium and vitamin D. Recent epidemiological studies show flavonoid consumption to have a stronger association with bone than general fruit and vegetable consumption. Bioactive flavonoids are being assessed for properties beyond their chemical antioxidant capacity, including anti-inflammatory actions. Some have been reported to enhance bone formation and to inhibit bone resorption through their action on cell signaling pathways that influence osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Future research is needed to determine which of the flavonoids and their metabolites are most effective and at what dose, as well as the mechanism of modulating cellular events, in order to set priorities for clinical trials.--PMID: 22888840 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Human and Synthetic Hormones Now Contaminate Fresh Produce
Hormones and/or hormone-mimicking chemicals are omnipresent environmental contaminants. Already found in places as varied as our teeth (dental sealant) to our paper products (receipts, money), our meat to our canned foods, new research now indicates that even fresh, whole vegetables and fruits are no longer immune to this growing biological and chemical threat.---A newly released study has found that a variety of substances with hormone-disrupting properties now widely contaminate commercially available fresh vegetables and fruits, in some cases at concentrations exceeding the recommended acceptable daily intake (ADI) for children as recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).---Published this month in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, researchers at the Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, found the synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemicals bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and the natural steroidal estrogen 17-β-estradiol, in vegetables and fruits randomly sampled from local markets, using gas chromotagraphy with tandem mass spectrometry.[i]---
According to the researchers, the "BPA was detected in all vegetable and fruit samples, ranging from 0.2±0.1 to 9.0±4.9 µg kg-1, indicating significant exposure potential for humans." Nonylphenol (NP), a chemical in the alkylphenol class mainly used to manufacturer detergents, was detected in pumpkin, sweet potato, citrus, and apple samples. Concentrations of 17-β-estradiol in vegetables and fruits ranged from 1.3±0.4 to 2.2±1.0 µg kg-1 except those in tomato and strawberry.---Notably, the highest concentrations of BPA were found in potatoes, lettuce contained the highest concentration of natural estrogens, and pumpkin the highest concentration of alkylphenols (APs).
How Did These Chemicals End Up In Our Food?----The answer is wastewater and sewage sludge -- two things that, as many would be surprised to find, are commonly used to grow our food. While wastewater may contain as much as 95% water, the other 5% remaining is a biological and chemical atrocity. Even the sewage used in this degenerate, albeit highly productive (though unsustainable), form of farming has been renamed and transformed euphemistically into "biosolids," to make it somehow sound more palatable.-The reuse of wastewater for irrigation of agricultural land is a well established practice that introduces many contaminants into our environment and crops including pharmaceuticals, hormones and personal care products.----Wastewater may contain human sewage, industrial site drainage, toxic waste (e.g. pesticide manufacturing), petroleum waste products or byproducts, for instance.
Other wastewater constituents include:
- Pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasites
- Soluble organic materials such as urea, drugs, pharmaceuticals
- Macro-solids such as condoms, needles, diapers, sanitary napkins
- Emulsions such as paint, adhesives, hair colorants
- Gases such as hydrogen sulfide, methane, carbon dioxide
- Animals such as insects, protozoa, small fish
It is estimated that 90% of the global wastewater being used in agriculture today is untreated, meaning that it contains hundreds, if not thousands of potential biological and chemical toxicants that may ultimately end up in your food and body.---With the increasing use of raw or processed sewage to grow conventional food, it has become prone to overgrowth with pathogenic (even deadly) bacteria, which is why the USDA promotes food irradiation to nuke ("cold pasteurize") the intrinsically unsanitary food into the kind of sterility that also entails the destruction of its nutrition value.---Even when sewage is pretreated in order to remove chemicals, foreign materials, and microorganisms, up to 93% of highly concentrated active drug compounds still remain, including hormones and hormone metabolites that remain biologically active.[ii]---With the latest research now indicating that our modern, industrialized agricultural system is creating a toxic nightmare within our food, it is time for us to face the gravity of the situation, and make some real changes. All the more reason to support AQUAPONICALLY OR HYDROPONICALLY OR HOME OR CHEMICAL FREE –HORMONAL FREE –SOY FREE AND CANOLA FREE-GMO-GE FREE, and preferably locally, produced food by voting with our fork, as it does not utilize these intrinsically toxic farming practices.
Resources
[i] Jian Lu, Jun Wu, Peter J Stoffella, Patrick Wilson. Analysis of Bisphenol A, Nonylphenol and Natural Estrogens in Vegetables and Fruits Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Dec 6. Epub 2012 Dec 6. PMID: 23215552
[ii] Watershedcouncil.org, Medicines in Our Waterways**********************************************************************************
Postmenopausal bleeding and dietary supplements- a possible causal relationship with hop- and soy-containing preparations.
[Article in Dutch]
Source--Nederlands Bijwerkingen Centrum Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands. f.vanhunsel@lareb.nl
BACKGROUND--Many women suffering from menopausal symptoms choose to use dietary supplements made from plants for the relief of their symptoms. These herbal preparations can have phyto-oestrogenic properties. Although probably regarded as 'safe', such preparations can cause adverse drug reactions.
CASE DESCRIPTION:
We describe four patient reports to the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. All of these patients suffered from postmenopausal bleeding and used hop- and soy-containing dietary supplements. The reports were all from the same gynaecologist.
CONCLUSION:
Postmenopausal bleeding has many possible causes. The use of dietary supplements containing ingredients with phyto-oestrogenic properties, such as hop and soy, may give rise to proliferation of the endometrium[U1] . The four reports to Lareb illustrate the association between the use of these supplements and postmenopausal bleeding. Such products are available as over-the-counter preparations and consumers often mistakenly believe that they do not cause adverse drug reactions. During the diagnostic phase, it is important to be aware that the use of a dietary supplement or an herbal drug having phyto-oestrogenic properties may be a possible cause of postmenopausal bleeding.
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Countering Brain Chemical Could Prevent Suicides, Research Suggests
MSU experimental psychiatry professor Lena Brundin studies biological causes of suicidal behavior in order to find new ways to save lives---Dec. 13, 2012 — Researchers have found the first proof that a chemical in the brain called glutamate is linked to suicidal behavior, offering new hope for efforts to prevent people from taking their own lives.---Writing in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology, Michigan State University's Lena Brundin and an international team of co-investigators present the first evidence that glutamate is more active in the brains of people who attempt suicide. Glutamate is an amino acid that sends signals between nerve cells and has long been a suspect in the search for chemical causes of depression[U2] .---"The findings are important because they show a mechanism of disease in patients," said Brundin, an associate professor of experimental psychiatry in MSU's College of Human Medicine. "There's been a lot of focus on another neurotransmitter called serotonin for about 40 years now. The conclusion from our paper is that we need to turn some of that focus to glutamate."--Brundin and colleagues examined glutamate activity by measuring quinolinic acid -- which flips a chemical switch that makes glutamate send more signals to nearby cells -- in the spinal fluid of 100 patients in Sweden. About two-thirds of the participants were admitted to a hospital after attempting suicide and the rest were healthy.--They found that suicide attempters had more than twice as much quinolinic acid in their spinal fluid as the healthy people, which indicated increased glutamate signaling between nerve cells. Those who reported the strongest desire to kill themselves also had the highest levels of the acid.---The results also showed decreased quinolinic acid levels among a subset of patients who came back six months later, when their suicidal behavior had ended.---The findings explain why earlier research has pointed to inflammation in the brain as a risk factor for suicide. The body produces quinolinic acid as part of the immune response that creates inflammation.--Brundin said anti-glutamate drugs are still in development, but could soon offer a promising tool for preventing suicide. In fact, recent clinical studies have shown the anesthetic ketamine -- which inhibits glutamate signaling -- to be extremely effective in fighting depression, though its side effects prevent it from being used widely today.--In the meantime, Brundin said physicians should be aware of inflammation as a likely trigger for suicidal behavior. She is partnering with doctors in Grand Rapids, Mich., to design clinical trials using anti-inflammatory drugs.--"In the future, it's likely that blood samples from suicidal and depressive patients will be screened for inflammation," Brundin said. "It is important that primary health care physicians and psychiatrists work closely together on this."---Story Source--The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Michigan State University. --Journal Reference--Sophie Erhardt, Chai K Lim, Klas R Linderholm, Shorena Janelidze, Daniel Lindqvist, Martin Samuelsson, Kristina Lundberg, Teodor T Postolache, Lil Träskman-Bendz, Gilles J Guillemin, and Lena Brundin. Connecting Inflammation with Glutamate Agonism in Suicidality. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.248
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Age-Associated Changes In Oxidative Stress and NAD(+) Metabolism In Human Tissue.
Hassina Massudi, Ross Grant, Nady Braidy, Jade Guest, Bruce Farnsworth, Gilles J Guillemin
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is an essential electron transporter in mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. In genomic DNA, NAD(+) also represents the sole substrate for the nuclear repair enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the sirtuin family of NAD-dependent histone deacetylases. Age associated increases in oxidative nuclear damage have been associated with PARP-mediated NAD(+) depletion and loss of SIRT1 activity in rodents. In this study, we further investigated whether these same associations were present in aging human tissue. Human pelvic skin samples were obtained from consenting patients aged between 15-77 and newborn babies (0-1 year old)(n = 49) previously scheduled for an unrelated surgical procedure. DNA damage correlated strongly with age in both males (p = 0.029; r = 0.490) and females (p = 0.003; r = 0.600) whereas lipid oxidation (MDA) levels increased with age in males (p = 0.004; r = 0.623) but not females (p = 0.3734; r = 0.200). PARP activity significantly increased with age in males (p<0.0001; r = 0.768) and inversely correlated with tissue NAD(+) levels (p = 0.0003; r = -0.639). These associations were less evident in females. A strong negative correlation was observed between NAD(+) levels and age in both males (p = 0.001; r = -0.706) and females (p = 0.01; r = -0.537). SIRT1 activity also negatively correlated with age in males (p = 0.007; r = -0.612) but not in females. Strong positive correlations were also observed between lipid peroxidation and DNA damage (p<0.0001; r = 0.4962), and PARP activity and-NAD(+) levels (p = 0.0213; r = 0.5241) in post pubescent males. This study provides quantitative evidence in support of the hypothesis that hyperactivation of PARP due to an accumulation of oxidative damage to DNA during aging may be responsible for increased NAD(+) catabolism in human tissue. The resulting NAD(+) depletion may play a major role in the aging process, by limiting energy production, DNA repair and genomic signalling.
[U1]THIS IS WHY THERE IS A ENDOMETRIS ISSUE OVERLOADING THE UTERUS AND NOT ENOUGH IODINE TO ASSIST INBALANCING THE HORMONES
[U2]Soy and Soy based products are loaded with this and It Is added in every food we consume---so if a childs blood brain barrier is not developed then what will occur will be permanent damage to the person in adult stages of life---could even explain why some people are more prone to drug addiction then others
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Show Of the Month December 24-2012
Stress and the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
Nicotine as a potential neuroprotective agent for Parkinson's disease.
Cotinine Reduces Amyloid-β Aggregation and Improves Memory in Alzheimer's Disease Mice.
Cotinine- A Potential New Therapeutic Agent against Alzheimer's disease
Effects of cholinesterase inhibiting sage (Salvia officinalis) on mood, anxiety and performance on a psychological stressor battery.
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Stress and the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, 1230 York Ave., Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. rhunter@rockefeller.edu
Nicotine is well known for its deleterious effects on human health, and it has long been known that nicotine interacts with the stress axis in both man and in laboratory animals. Nicotine also has beneficial effects upon cognition, and an emerging literature has demonstrated that it may play a protective or palliative role in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Recent advances have permitted scientists to identify the specific subtypes of nicotinic receptors responsible for the drugs varied physiological effects. The α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (NAchRα7), has been identified as a significant mediator of nicotine's interactions with the stress axis and human disease. The NAchRα7 has also been shown to have neuroprotective effects via multiple pathways, making it a logical target for the treatment of a number of brain disorders.
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Nicotine as a potential neuroprotective agent for Parkinson's disease.
Maryka Quik, Xiomara A Perez, Tanuja Bordia
Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA. maryka.quik@sri.com.
Converging research efforts suggest that nicotine and other drugs that act at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may be beneficial in the management of Parkinson's disease. This idea initially stemmed from the results of epidemiological studies that demonstrated that smoking is associated with a decreased incidence of Parkinson's disease. The subsequent finding that nicotine administration protected against nigrostriatal damage in parkinsonian animal models led to the idea that nicotine in tobacco products may contribute to this apparent protective action. Nicotine most likely exerts its effects by interacting at nAChRs. Accumulating research indicates that multiple subtypes containing nAChRs, including α4β2, α6β2, and/or α7, may be involved. Stimulation of nAChRs initially activates various intracellular transduction pathways primarily via alterations in calcium signaling. Consequent adaptations in immune responsiveness and trophic factors may ultimately mediate nicotine's ability to reduce/halt the neuronal damage that arises in Parkinson's disease. In addition to a potential neuroprotective action, nicotine also has antidepressant properties and improves attention/cognition. Altogether, these findings suggest that nicotine and nAChR drugs represent promising therapeutic agents for the management of Parkinson's disease. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society.
Neurobiol Aging. 2012 Mar 26;: 22459600
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Cotinine Reduces Amyloid-β Aggregation and Improves Memory in Alzheimer's Disease Mice.
Valentina Echeverria, Ross Zeitlin, Sarah Burgess, Sagar Patel, Arghya Barman, Garima Thakur, Magorzota Mamcarz, Li Wang, David B Sattelle, Daniel A Kirschner, Takashi Mori, Roger M Leblanc, Rajeev Prabhakar, Gary W Arendash
Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects millions of people world-wide and new effective and safe therapies are needed. Cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, has a long half-life and does not have cardiovascular or addictive side effects in humans. We studied the effect of cotinine on amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation as well as addressed its impact on working and reference memories. Cotinine reduced Aβ deposition, improved working and reference memories, and inhibited Aβ oligomerization in the brains of transgenic (Tg) 6799 AD mice. In vitro studies confirmed the inhibitory effect of cotinine on Aβ1-42 aggregation. Cotinine stimulated Akt signaling, including the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which promotes neuronal survival and the synaptic plasticity processes underlying learning and memory in the hippocampus and cortex of wild type and Tg mice. Simulation of the cotinine-Aβ1-42 complex using molecular dynamics showed that cotinine may interact with key histidine residues of Aβ1-42, altering its structure and inhibiting its aggregation. The good safety profile in humans and its beneficial effects suggest that cotinine may be an excellent therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AD.
Neuroscience. 2009 May 14;: 19447162 Cit:5
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Ross Zeitlin, Sagar Patel, Sarah Burgess, Gary W Arendash, Valentina Echeverria
Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA.
Caffeine intake has been associated with a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans. In AD mouse models, caffeine significantly decreases senile plaques and amyloid beta (Aβ) levels while also protecting against or reversing cognitive impairment. To understand the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of caffeine against AD pathology, we investigated the effects of a two-week treatment with caffeine (3mg/day) in transgenic (APPswe) mice and non-transgenic (NT) mice on signaling factors involved in neuronal plasticity and survival. We evaluated cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), phospho-cyclic AMP response-element binding protein (phospho-CREB), and the pro-apoptotic protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (phospho-ERK) and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (phospho-JNK) in the striatum and frontal cortex of caffeine-treated mice. In the striatum, APPswe control mice exhibited a significant decrease in phospho-CREB, as well as significant increases in phospho-JNK and phospho-ERK in comparison to NT mice. Caffeine treatment stimulated PKA activity, increased phospho-CREB levels, and decreased phospho-JNK and phospho-ERK expression in the striatum of APPswe mice, all of which are thought to be beneficial changes for brain function. Even caffeine-treated NT mice exhibited some of these changes in striatum. In the frontal cortex, caffeine did not significantly increase phospho-CREB and PKA activity, but significantly reduced phospho-JNK and phospho-ERK expression in both APPswe and NT mice. These results suggest that caffeine shifts the balance between neurodegeneration and neuronal survival toward the stimulation of pro-survival cascades and inhibition of pro-apoptotic pathways in the striatum and/or cortex, which may contribute to its beneficial effects against AD.
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Ross Zeitlin, Sagar Patel, Rosalynn Solomon, John Tran, Edwin J Weeber, Valentina Echeverria
Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder triggered by traumatic events. Symptoms include anxiety, depression and deficits in fear memory extinction (FE). PTSD patients show a higher prevalence of cigarette smoking than the general population. The present study investigated the effects of cotinine, a tobacco-derived compound, over anxiety and contextual fear memory after fear conditioning (FC) in mice, a model for inducing PTSD-like symptoms. Two-month-old C57BL/6J mice were separated into three experimental groups. These groups were used to investigate the effect of pretreatment with cotinine on contextual fear memory and posttreatment on extinction and stability or retrievability of the fear memory. Also, changes induced by cotinine on the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 were assessed after extinction in the hippocampus. An increase in anxiety and corticosterone levels were found after fear conditioning. Cotinine did not affect corticosterone levels but enhanced the extinction of contextual fear, decreased anxiety and the stability and/or retrievability of contextual fear memory. Cotinine-treated mice showed higher levels of the active forms of ERK1/2 than vehicle-treated mice after FC. This evidence suggests that cotinine is a potential new pharmacological treatment to reduce symptoms in individuals with PTSD.
Brain Res. 2011 Oct 12;1417 :127-36 21907331
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Cotinine- A Potential New Therapeutic Agent against Alzheimer's disease.
Valentina Echeverria, Ross Zeitlin
Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, Tampa, FL, USA Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Tobacco smoking has been correlated with a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This negative correlation has been attributed to nicotine's properties. However, the undesired side-effects of nicotine and the absence of clear evidence of positive effects of this drug on the cognitive abilities of AD patients have decreased the enthusiasm for its therapeutic use. In this review, we discuss evidence showing that cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, has many of the beneficial effects but none of the negative side-effects of its precursor. Cotinine has been shown to be neuroprotective, to improve memory in primates as well as to prevent memory loss, and to lower amyloid-beta (Aβ)) burden in AD mice. In AD, cotinine's positive effect on memory is associated with the inhibition of Aβ aggregation, the stimulation of pro-survival factors such as Akt, and the inhibition of pro-apoptotic factors such as glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). Because stimulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) positively modulates these factors and memory, the involvement of these receptors in cotinine's effects are discussed. Because of its beneficial effects on brain function, good safety profile, and nonaddictive properties, cotinine may represent a new therapeutic agent against AD.
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Effects of cholinesterase inhibiting sage (Salvia officinalis) on mood, anxiety and performance on a psychological stressor battery.
Kennedy DO, Pace S, Haskell C, Okello EJ, Milne A, Scholey AB.
Source
Human Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Division of Psychology, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. david.kennedy@unn.ac.uk
Abstract
Salvia officinalis (sage) has previously been shown both to possess in vitro cholinesterase inhibiting properties, and to enhance mnemonic performance and improve mood in healthy young participants. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 30 healthy participants attended the laboratory on three separate days, 7 days apart, receiving a different treatment in counterbalanced order on each occasion (placebo, 300, 600 mg dried sage leaf). On each day mood was assessed predose and at 1 and 4 h postdose. Each mood assessment comprised completion of Bond-Lader mood scales and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after 20 min performance of the Defined Intensity Stress Simulator (DISS) computerized multitasking battery. In a concomitant investigation, an extract of the sage leaf exhibited dose-dependent, in vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and, to a greater extent, butyrylcholinesterase. Both doses of sage led to improved ratings of mood in the absence of the stressor (that is, in pre-DISS mood scores) postdose, with the lower dose reducing anxiety and the higher dose increasing 'alertness', 'calmness' and 'contentedness' on the Bond-Lader mood scales. The reduced anxiety effect following the lower dose was, however, abolished by performing the DISS, with the same dose also being associated with a reduction of alertness during performance. Task performance on the DISS battery was improved for the higher dose at both postdose sessions, but reduced for the lower dose at the later testing session. The results confirm previous observations of the cholinesterase inhibiting properties of S. officinalis, and improved mood and cognitive performance following the administration of single doses to healthy young participants.
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Show of the Month December 28 2012
Antioxidants—and the differences and uses
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Antioxidants—and the differences and uses
Antioxidants are compounds or systems that delay autoxidation by inhibiting formation of free radicals or by interrupting propagation of the free radical by one (or more) of several mechanisms: (1) scavenging species that initiate peroxidation, (2) chelating metal ions such that they are unable to generate reactive species or decompose lipid peroxides, (3) quenching •O2− preventing formation of peroxides, (4) breaking the autoxidative chain reaction, and/or (5) reducing localized O2 concentrations (Nawar 1996). Chain-breaking antioxidants differ in their antioxidative effectiveness depending on their chemical characteristics and physical location within a food (proximity to membrane phospholipids, emulsion interfaces, or in the aqueous phase). The chemical potency of an antioxidant and solubility in oil influence its accessibility to peroxy radicals especially in membrane, micellar and emulsion systems, and the amphiphilic character required for effectiveness in these systems (Wanatabe and others 2010).
Antioxidant effectiveness is related to activation energy, rate constants, oxidation–reduction potential, ease with which the antioxidant is lost or destroyed (volatility and heat susceptibility), and antioxidant solubility (Nawar 1996). In addition, inhibitor and chain propagation reactions are both exothermic. As the A:H and R:H bond dissociation energies increase, the activation increases and the antioxidant efficiency decreases. Conversely, as these bond energies decrease, the antioxidant efficiency increases.
The most effective antioxidants are those that interrupt the free radical chain reaction. Usually containing aromatic or phenolic rings, these antioxidants donate H• to the free radicals formed during oxidation becoming a radical themselves (see step nr 7). These radical intermediates are stabilized by the resonance delocalization of the electron within the aromatic ring and formation of quinone structures (Nawar 1996). In addition, many of the phenolics lack positions suitable for molecular oxygen attack. Both synthetic antioxidants (BHA, BHT, and propyl gallate) and natural botanicals contain phenolics (flavonoids) function in this manner. Botanical extracts with antioxidant activity generally quench free radical oxygen with phenolic compounds as well.----------------Because bivalent transition metal ions, Fe2+ in particular, can catalyze oxidative processes, leading to formation of hydroxyl radicals, and can decompose hydroperoxides via Fenton reactions, chelating these metals can effectively reduce oxidation (Halliwell and others 1987). Food materials containing significant amounts of these transition metals (red meat) can be particularly susceptible to metal-catalyzed reactions.
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Food tissues, because they are (or were) living, are under constant oxidative stress from free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and prooxidants generated both exogenously (heat and light) and endogenously (H2O2 and transition metals). For this reason, many of these tissues have developed antioxidant systems to control free radicals, lipid oxidation catalysts, oxidation intermediates, and secondary breakdown products (Nakatani 2003; Agati and others 2007; Brown and Kelly 2007; Chen 2008; Iacopini and others 2008). These antioxidant compounds include flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and tocopherols that can inhibit Fe3+/AA-induced oxidation, scavenge free radicals, and act as reductants (Khanduja 2003; Ozsoy and others 2009).
Spices and herbs, used in foods for their flavor and in medicinal mixtures for their physiological effects, often contain high concentrations of phenolic compounds that have strong H-donating activity (Lugasi and others 1995; Muchuweti and others 2007). Many also have high ORAC values (Table 2 and 3). Some plant-derived compounds (carnosol, rosmanol, rosmariquinone, and rosmaridiphenol) are better antioxidants than BHA (Richheimer and others 1996; Carvalho and others 2005).
Table 2–. Total ORAC values (μm TE/100 g; Prior and others 2003) of selected herbs and spices, berries, roots, and teas.
Food
Total ORAC
SEM
- The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method is based on the inhibition of the peroxyl-radical-induced oxidation initiated by thermal decomposition of azo compounds. Prior and others (2003) used 2,2′-azo bis (2 amidino propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) as the azo generator, incubated at 37 °C for 30 min with fluorescein (14 μm) as a fluorescent detector.
- Source: USDA (2010).
Basil (fresh)
4805
225
Marjoram (fresh)
27297
1306
Oregano (fresh)
13970
545
Sage (fresh)
32004
1548
Savory (fresh)
9465
436
Basil (dried)
61063
2280
Cinnamon (ground)
131420
13867
Clove (ground)
290283
3292
Ginger (ground)
39041
1835
Nutmeg (ground)
69640
6859
Oregano (dried)
175295
7683
Pepper, black
34053
289
Rosemary (dried)
165280
1391
Sage (ground)
119929
20305
Thyme (fresh)
27426
1251
Thyme (dried)
157380
1629
Turmeric (ground)
127068
11181
Grapes (red, raw)
1837
248
Raspberries (raw)
5065
205
Garlic (raw)
5708
475
Ginger root (raw)
14840
530
Onions, red (raw)
1521
69
Tea brewed
1128
-
Tea, green, brewed
1253
Table 3–. Content of redox-active compounds (antioxidants) of selected foods (mmol/100 g).
Food
Redox-active compound content (mmol/100 g)
Cloves, ground
125.5
Oregano leaf, dried
40.3
Ginger, ground
21.6
Cinnamon, ground
17.7
Turmeric powder
15.7
Basil leaf, dried
12.3
Curry powder
10.0
Paprika
8.6
Pepper, black
4.4
Raspberries
2.3
Wine, red
2.1
Cherries, sour
1.8
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The major antioxidative plant phenolics can be divided into 4 general groups: phenolic acids (gallic, protochatechuic, caffeic, and rosmarinic acids; Figure 1), phenolic diterpenes (carnosol and carnosic acid; Figure 2), flavonoids (quercetin and catechin; Figure 3), and volatile oils (eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, and menthol; Figure 4; Shan and others 2005). Phenolic acids generally act as antioxidants by trapping free radicals; flavonoids can scavenge free radicals and chelate metals as well (Engeseth and Geldof 2001)
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Flavonoids with multiple hydroxyl groups are more effective antioxidants than those with only one. The presence of the ortho-3,4-dihydroxy structure increases the antioxidative activity (Geldof and Engeseth 2002). Flavonoids can dampen transition metal enhancement of oxidation by donating a H• to them, rendering them less proxidative. In addition, flavones and some flavanones (naringenin) can preferentially bind metals at the 5-hydroxyl and 4-oxo groups[U1] (Fernandez and others 2002).
Brown and Kelly (2007) evaluated the antioxidative activity of structurally related (poly)phenols, anthocyan(id)ins, and phenolic acids at physiologically relevant concentrations (100 to 1000 nM) using a Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation model. (Poly)phenols with an ortho-dihydroxy substituted arrangement (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin, and protocatechuic acid) were the most effective, while trihydroxy-substituted compounds (gallic acid) had only intermediate efficacy. This was explained, in part, by their ability to chelate Cu2+ ions. It seems likely that the steric relationship of these −OH groups and their arrangement on the ring(s) both play a role in the ability of the substance to chelate metal ions. However, differences in lipid/hydrophilic phase partitioning and in H-donating abilities were also hypothesized to have contributed to the structure-activity relationships.
Alamed and others (2009) reported that the order of free radical-scavenging activity of a group of polar compounds was ferulic acid > coumaric acid > propyl gallate > gallic acid > AA; the free radical-scavenging activity of a group of nonpolar compounds was rosmarinic acid > BHT, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) > α-tocopherol. Only propyl gallate, TBHQ, gallic acid, and rosmarinic acid inhibited lipid oxidation in an oil-in-water emulsion that may reflect the ability of these compounds to orient at the interface of the oil droplet in the emulsion[U2] .
Evaluating the antioxidative activity of hydroxycinnamic acids with similar structures (caffeic, chlorogenic, o-coumaric, and ferulic acids) in a fish muscle system, Medina and others (2007) found that the capacity of these compounds to donate electrons (bond dissociation energies) appeared to play the most significant role in delaying rancidity, while the ability to chelate metals and the distribution between oily and aqueous phases were not correlated with inhibitory activities. The latter finding may reflect the type of matrix, fish muscle, in which the oxidative activity was studied. Caffeic acid was the most effective of this antioxidant group (similar to propyl gallate).
Potapovich and Kostyuk (2003) reported that, of a variety of flavonoids (rutin, dihydroquercetin[U3] , quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate), the catechins were most effective in inhibiting microsomal lipid peroxidation. All were able to chelate Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ and were effective •O2− scavengers to varying degrees. Authors speculate that the relative ability to scavenge •O2− may be responsible for the relative antioxidative difference among these compounds.
Many of the antioxidative flavonoid compounds are naturally occurring pigments. It appears that chloroplast-located flavonoids perform a photo-protective role against •O2− in plants (Agati and others 2007). Anthocyanins are the glycosides of polyhydroxy or polymethoxy derivatives of the flavylium cation. Hydrolysis of the sugar moiety yields an aglycone, anthocyanindin (Figure 5). Anthocyanins and anthocyanindins exhibit visual color because of the extreme mobility of the electrons within the molecular structure (double bonds) in response to light in the visible spectrum (approximately 400 to 700 nm). The pigments are quite water-soluble and 4 −OH groups are bound to the aromatic rings. pH has a significant effect on anthocyanin pigments. These −OH groups can give up H+ (in a basic solution) or H• to an oxidizing lipid (ROO•).
Proanthocyanidins also contain multiple −OH groups that can donate hydrogen, quench •O2−, and chelate metals (Shahidi and Wanasundara 1992; Fukumoto and Mazza 2000). Free radical-scavenging ability increases as the number of phenolic −OH groups increases (Kondo and others 2001).
Some phenols can polymerize into polyphenols that can bind minerals. Proanthocyanidins often occur as oligomers or polymers of monomeric flavonoids, polyhydroxy flavan-3-ols such as [+]-catechin and [−]-epicatechin (Dixon and others 2005; Figure 3 and 5). The polymeric procyanidins are better antioxidants than the corresponding monomers, catechin, and epicatechin (Ursini and others 2001). Catechin and epicatechin can combine to form esters, such as catechin/epicatechin gallate, or bond with sugars and proteins to yield glycosides and polyphenolic proteins. Glycosylation of flavonoids at the 3 −OH group usually decreases the antioxidative activity due to the reduction of the number of phenolic groups (quercetin/rutin; Figure 3).
Proanthocyanidins with demonstrated antioxidant activity and potential biologically therapeutic effects occur in fruits (apples and cherries), some berries (rosehips, raspberries, blackberries, and strawberries), as well as in the leaves (tea), seeds (grape, sorghum, and cocoa bean), and bark of many plants (Dixon and others 2005; Buricova and Reblova 2008; Bak and others 2010).
[U1]This is good news to assist in the binding of metals that we come across in the air we breathe as well as in the foods we consume---so having a good dose of flavonoids can be of great benefit
[U2]Fat saving or lipid periodization is regulated better with these compounds
[U3]To quench oxygen free radicals as well as fats is a extreme bonus---both of these components are necessary for the body but oxygen can be a proxidant and fats can get oxidized as well
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α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) is a fat-soluble carotenoid whose antioxidative capacity has been studied extensively (Figure 6). α-Tocopherol is the major vitamin E compound in plant leaves where it is located in the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membranes in proximity to phospholipids (Onibi and others 2000). It deactivates photosynthesis-derived reactive oxygen species (especially •O2−) and prevents the propagation of lipid peroxidation by scavenging lipid peroxyl radicals in thylakoid membranes (Munné-Bosch 2005).
Figure 6–. Natural antioxidants
(alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate,
propyl gallate, and resveratrol).
Trolox is a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E. Structurally related lipid-soluble antioxidants that differ in the number of methyl groups (δ-tocopherol compared with α-tocopherol)[U1] have different free radical-scavenging activities and different surface activities (Figure 6; Chaiyasit and others 2005). Giuffrida and others (2007) evaluated the ability of α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, and propyl gallate (300 mg/kg; Figure 6) to prevent oxidation in sunflower oil and high-oleic sunflower oil, both rich in di-unsaturated fatty acids, and in partially hydrogenated palm oil containing monounsaturated fatty acids. δ-Tocopherol was[U2] the most effective antioxidant in sunflower oil, and propyl gallate was the most effective in the more saturated oils. Yeum and others (2009) reported synergistic effects between AA and α-tocopherol in protecting an in vitro biological model system. It may be that AA regenerates α-tocopherol after α-tocopherol donates a H• to an oxidizing lipid.
α-Tocopherol can also inhibit oxidation of protein. Estévez and Heinonen (2010) demonstrated that α-tocopherol reduced formation of α-aminoadipic and γ-glutamic semialdehydes from oxidized myofibrillar proteins[U3] .---In general, vitamin E added to water-based food systems using an oil carrier targets the neutral lipid fraction (triacylglycerols) rather than the polar lipid fraction (phospholipids) and is not an effective antioxidant. However, δ-tocopherol added using a polar carrier can be incorporated into the phospholipid fraction and is an effective antioxidant (Wills and others 2007). In a lard model system, the antioxidative activity of the tocopherols is temperature dependent (Reblova 2006). At 80 °C, the antioxidative activity of δ-tocopherol is about twice that of α-tocopherol; however, it decreases as temperature increases. Antioxidative activity of α-tocopherol decreases above 110 °C, and both lose their activity above 150 °C[U4] .
Dietary supplementation of α-tocopherol increases incorporation of the antioxidant into the phospholipid membrane region where the polyunsaturated fatty acids are located. Including α-tocopherol in livestock diets has been shown to have significant effects on the antioxidative activities of their tissues and the stability of meat derived from them (Formanek and others 2001; Swigert and others 2004; Guo and others 2006; Boler and others 2009; Lahucky and others 2010).
[U1] Alpha Tocopherol
[U2]δ-Tocopherol= Delta Tocopherol---there are 4 tocopherols in vitamin E and 4 toctrienols as well
Alpha-Beta-Delata and Gamma and the tocotrienols as well have 4 alpha, beta, gamma, delta
[U3]It would appear to squelch the free radical effect of glutamic acid which may cause neuron death of the brain
[U4]So if you cook above 110 cel or about 230 fahr the free radical neutralizing effect will lose it’s ability to work
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Recipe for Whipped oil--- take rosemary extract that you made and add it to a thick oil like wheat germ oil or rice bran oil or olive oil or avocado--you can add different things like vitamin C or even other essential oils to this recipe or even any fat soluble antioxidant or other herbals or even essential oils add it to the extractor I have shown or in a blender and apply mid range speed and gradually turn it up to full---what you will see is the oil and extract will fuse and form a buttery like consistency---jar it and freeze it asap---if it seperates then reapply the method again and re freeze---it will hold and solidify like butter
the benefits to this will out weigh almost any fat your consuming now---with the rosemary you have several antioxidants in there that will perform a variety of effects from brain support--heart support--liver protection pancreas support---blood flow--hormonal balancing of estrogens-radiation protection--this will assist in the brain fatty cells as well as other lipid supplying and defending cells to reinforce neurol connection and cellular communication and remve metals from the body---anti fungal-anti bacterial-anti viral